“Myth” or “construct”?: What students are learning about race in the South African history classroom

Abstract

History education in post-apartheid South Africa addresses topics that are highly salient to the concept of race. To make  sense of colonialism, slavery, the Holocaust, and most notably apartheid, students require an understanding of what  race is, and how it has been used to justify discriminatory and unjust behaviour. The South African Curriculum and Policy Statements for Grade 9 History therefore devotes two hours to a topic on “the definition of race” (Department of Basic  Education [DBE], 2011a: 43). However, what are students learning about ‘the definition of race’ from their history education? In this article, we draw on our experience as a history educator and history education researcher to argue  that students often develop inaccurate and unhelpful understandings of race. This is partially since both the South  African history curricula and textbooks describe race as a “myth” (DBE, 2011a, 43; Bottaro, Cohen, Dilley, Duffett, & Visser, 2013) with no scientific or evolutionary basis. Hence, students who learn that race is a ‘myth’ understandably  struggle to understand discourses and policies that refer to racial identity and are at risk of misunderstanding theories  of evolution. While we agree that the concept of race has no legitimate scientific basis, we nonetheless Yesterday &  Today, No 29 July 2023 argue that students require an historical understanding of race; one that demonstrates how  racial identities have been constructed in different ways and for different purposes over time. Such an approach would  introduce students to the extensive historiography of the construction of race (e.g. DuBois, 1940; Dubow, 1995). By  understanding race as a construct rather than a myth, we suggest that students will be better able to engage with the  legacies of racialised violence as well as the ways in which racial identity is a legitimate source of meaning for many  South Africans.