Adolescents and family history: Memories, testimonies, narratives, and perspectives

Abstract

This paper discusses how family history can be selected, read, and utilised in historical education to cultivate historical  thinking among pupils aged between 16 and 18 years of age. The research derives its epistemological basis from the  theories of memory and history, oral and family history, theory of historical consciousness, and historical thinking.  Family history was used as a bridge that connects the past with the present. The research was carried out within the  context of four family history action research projects. The narratives which were selected by pupils were analysed by  the teacher/ researcher, based on how the pupils orientated their lives toward the past, present, and future. From the  family stories of the pupils, individual acts of heroism and acts of life were highlighted within a wider indefinite historical  context. The narration of these stories within the school environment raised a variety of questions about their  historical context and second-order concepts, such as change through time, significance, causes, and consequences.  The multiple phases of the activities as well as the exploratory tasks carried out, contributed to the realisation that living  memory requires meaningful reading by the pupils, a critical approach, and the synthesising of their individual and  collective pasts. Reflection during each phase of the research, more so at the end of the activities, highlighted teaching  practices through which family memories can be used in the learning process, encouraging continuous and two-way  interaction of individual and collective consciousness.