HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Activity of Sea Pandan Leaves (<i>P. tectorius</i>)

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by elevated blood cholesterol levels, exceeding the normal limit of 200 mg/mL. One effective  approach to lower the levels is by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. Therefore, this study aimed to examine HMG-CoA reductase  inhibition activity, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content(TPC), and total flavonoid content(TFC) using natural  materials such as P.tectorius leaves. The methods used included simplicia standardization. The samples were gradually macerated using  n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The results of the maceration obtained PH(Pandanus Hexane), PE(Pandanus Ethyl acetate), and  PM(Pandanus Methanol) extracts. The PE was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography(VLC), the results are PEF1, PEF2, PEF3,  PEF4, and PEF5. The antihypercholesterol test was conducted on HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibition activity, while TPC and TFC were  assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and the colorimetric methods. The results of the water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash content, water- soluble, and ethanol-soluble extractive values of simplicia were (6.7, 8.8, 0.76, 6.6, and 5.9)%, respectively. The phytochemical screening of  simplicia, extracts, and fractions indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenolics, and quinones. The  extract that showed the highest value of TPC and TFC was PE(32.65 mg GAE/g dry extract and 5.59 QE/g dry extract, respectively), while  the fraction that showed the highest value of TPC and TFC was PEF3(24.95 mg GAE/g dry extract and 4.84 QE/g dry extract, respectively).  So, the research results showed that PE (IC₅₀=42.61 ppm) and PEF3 (IC₅₀=95.22 ppm) showed the highest inhibitory activity of HMG-CoA  reductase compared to other extracts and suspected as potential anti-hypercholesterol agents.