Beneficial effects of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system extract of <i>Curcuma longa</i> on polycystic ovary syndrome rats model through insulin sensitization activity

Abstract

Insulin resistance contributes to the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis. Although Curcuma longa improves insulin sensitivity, it is limited by its low bioavailability. This study aims to demonstrate the application of the Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) on Curcuma longa extract on the improvement of insulin resistance through measuring Glut-4 expression, fasting insulin levels, fasting blood glucose levels, and Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) of PCOS model rat. This experimental research was conducted with a post-test-only control group design. This study employed 36 female Wistar rats aged three months divided into six groups: N: normal rats; PCOS: PCOS rats without treatment; PM: PCOS rats with metformin 20mg/kgBW/day; PSC25, PSC50, and PSC100: PCOS rats with SNEDDS extract of Curcuma longa 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgBW/day. Letrozole and a high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet was used to induce PCOS in all rats, except the control group, for 21 days before treatment began. Rats were sacrificed on the fifteenth day, and blood samples and gastrocnemius muscle were taken. A statistical test used the Anova and Kruskal-Wallis test with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) extract of Curcuma longa at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kgBW could significantly increase Glut-4 in muscle cells while decreasing FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR score (P<0.05). Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) extract of Curcuma longa at 50 and 100 mg/kgBW improved expression of Glut-4, FBG, Insulin level, and HOMA-IR score in PCOS rats via insulin sensitizer activity.