Evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant activities and toxicity effects of a novel plant-based body lotion from Thai medicinal plants

Abstract

In addition to lessening the residue of chemicals, which are the primary ingredients in cosmetics, the hunt for herbal extracts with skin health benefits is currently highly intriguing. Local herbs are more valued as a result. This study presents the development and evaluation of a novel plant-based body lotion formulated with extracts from Thai medicinal plants, including Stemona tuberosa. The research aimed to assess the antioxidant activities, toxicity effects, and sensory characteristics of the lotion. Antioxidant properties were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, revealing significant antioxidant capabilities, particularly for the Stemona tuberosa extract. Toxicity was evaluated using Galleria mellonella larvae, demonstrating minimal adverse effects in a lotion containing various concentrations of the extracts. The most promising lotion's formulation incorporated different concentrations of Stemona tuberosa extract (1, 3, and 5% w/w), with other ingredients including stearic acid, isopropyl myristate, and glyceryl monostearate, ensuring stability and homogeneity. Sensory evaluations were conducted employing a semi-trained panel of 40 judges using a 5-point hedonic scale, focusing on characteristics such as color, fragrance, texture, and overall acceptability. The lotion displayed favorable sensory properties, with different concentrations yielding slightly varied consumer preferences. Overall, the results indicate that a novel herbal lotion formulated with Stemona tuberosa is a promising candidate skincare product, offering antioxidant benefits and consumer acceptability while maintaining low toxicity.