PTP1B Inhibitors from Indonesian plants and its structure-activity relationship: A Review

Abstract

Diabetes is still a world health problem because of the large number of sufferers and from year to year shows a trend of increasing the number. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type found as well as the largest contributor to diabetes cases, with a percentage of more than 90%. To overcome this problem, more potent and efficient type 2 diabetes drugs are urgently needed. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is one of the enzyme targets in the discovery of new drugs for type 2 diabetes because it has an important contribution as a negative regulator in the blood sugar transport mechanism, especially in the insulin and leptin signaling pathways. Based on this role, compounds that can act as PTP1B inhibitors have great potential to be developed as new drug candidates for type 2 diabetes. Natural products derived from plants with extraordinary structural diversity are expected to provide potential PTP1B inhibitor scaffolds for developing type 2 diabetes drugs. This review focuses on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of compounds derived from Indonesian plants that have shown PTP1B inhibitory activity to provide information about the correlation between chemical structures and PTP1B activity that can be useful for the selection of potential scaffolds for type 2 diabetes drug development.