Occupational therapy interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders - a Rapid Review

Abstract

Introduction: This rapid review aimed to synthesise evidence for occupational therapy intervention in the management of autism spectrum disorders. The review forms part of a series of rapid reviews commissioned by the Occupational Therapy Association of South  Africa to help inform decision making as South Africa prepares for a new health system.

Method: Level I and II research studies  published from 2017 - 2022 were considered for inclusion. Electronic database searches were conducted on the Cochrane database. The  identified records were screened in Rayyan according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of the selected articles was  done with the CASP appraisal tool. Data were extracted to a custom Microsoft Excel® worksheet and analysed quantitatively by  percentage/frequency and qualitatively by thematic analysis of statements.

Results: Thirty-eight records were selected. These included  30 systematic reviews and eight randomised controlled trials. Twelve intervention domains across four age groups were identified with  sensory integration and social skills interventions most frequently examined. Interventions were delivered across various venues,  including mediation and technology (e.g., telehealth interventions). A number of different outcome measures were used.

Conclusion:  There is evidence to support the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan for  twelve different domains.