An investigation on the extent of soil pollution resulting from vehicular emission

Abstract

Vehicular emissions have been found to constitute the major source of environmental pollution. Unfortunately, it has been observed that in most developing countries like Nigeria, the contribution of vehicular emission to soil pollution and its implication on the environment is yet to be understood. This study focused on estimating the extent of soil pollution resulting from vehicular emission. Since the most serious effect of pollution with regard to heavy metals is associated with Lead, therefore it was considered as the key element in the investigations. Three locations within Nsukka including a motor Park (A), a primary school (B) and a location off town (C) with little or no traffic were chosen for collection of soil samples. A total of 63 samples were collected from the 3 sampling point sover a 3month period. The method of analysis used for determination of lead concentration was the calorimetric – sulphide method. This involved the use of chemicals and a spectrometer to determine the amount of lead (ppm) present in a given soil sample. Analysis of the results indicated higher level of Lead concentration at locations exposed to relatively higher levels of vehicular emission. Samples from location A had highest levels of Lead concentration (max = 3.7ppm) followed by location B (max =0.86 ppm). Interestingly, Samples from location C which is not exposed to vehicular traffic consistently had zero level of Lead concentration. Results of the studies did not indicate any correlation between Lead concentration and recorded rainfall amounts. Considering the health hazards that could result from vehicular soil pollution there is need for the establishment of comprehensive monitoring system and information gathering on pollution levels in our environment, including soil. The use of leaded petrol should be regulated.

Keywords: Vehicular Emission, soil pollution, Lead concentration.