Article Sidebar
Published:
Sep 25, 2016DOI:
10.4314/njt.v35i4.13Keywords:
Article Details
Copyright belongs to the Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
The contents of the articles are the sole opinion of the author(s) and not of NIJOTECH.
NIJOTECH allows open access for distribution of the published articles in any media so long as whole (not part) of articles are distributed.
A copyright and statement of originality documents will need to be filled out clearly and signed prior to publication of an accepted article. The Copyright form can be downloaded from https://www.nijotech.com/downloads/COPYRIGHT%20FORM.pdf while the Statement of Originality is in Statement of Originality.pdf (nijotech.com)
For articles that were developed from funded research, a clear acknowledgement of such support should be mentioned in the article with relevant references. Authors are expected to provide complete information on the sponsorship and intellectual property rights of the article together with all exceptions.
It is forbidden to publish the same research report in more than one journal.
Main Article Content
Enrichment factor of atmospheric trace metal using zirconium titanium iron and copper as reference element
Abstract
Twelve (12) elements (Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr, and Zr ) were detected in total suspended particulate matter (TSP), inhalable particulate matter(PM10) and respirable particulate matter(PM2.5)collected at a receptor site located in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).X-ray fluorescence was used to determine the trace metal in the particulate matter and the enrichment factors were computed using Iron (Fe), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr) and Copper (Cu) as reference elements. The measured metals in the glass filter paper were found to be in the range of Argon(Ar), 0.00-0.01mg/m3; Potassium(K), 0.03-0.18mg/m3; Calcium(Ca), 0.01 0.14mg/m3; Titanium (Ti), 0.01-04mg/m3; Iron (Fe), 0.00-0.02mg/m3, Zinc(Zn), 0.00-0.04mg/m3; Strontium(Sr), 0.02-0.21mg/m3; Barium(Ba), 0.08-0.16mg/m3; Nickel(Ni), 0.02- .07mg/m3; Copper(Cu), 0.08-3.10mg/m3; Zirconium(Zr), 0.01-0.27mg/m3; Vanadium(V), 0.00- .00mg/m3; Chlorine(Cl), 0.03-0.09mg/m3 in Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP), in inhalable particulate matter Argon(Ar), 0.00-0.01mg/m3; Potassium (K), 0.00-0.13mg/m3; Calcium (Ca), 0.00-0.11mg/m3; Titanium (Ti), 0.03-0.07mg/m3; Iron(Fe), 0.00-0.03mg/m3; Zinc(Zn), 0.00-0.03mg/m3; Strontium(Sr), 0.01-0.02mg/m3; Barium(Ba), 0.13-0.16mg/m3; Nickel(Ni), 0.02-0.14mg/m3; Copper(Cu), 0.20-1.12mg/m3; Zirconium(Zr), 0.01-0.22mg/m3; Vanadium(V), 0.00-0.05mg/m3; Chlorine(Cl), 0.03-0.07mg/m3, while in respirable particulate matter, the measured metals in the glass filter paper were found to be in the range of Argon(Ar), 0.00-0.00mg/m3; Potassium (K), 0.06-0.22mg/m3; Calcium (Ca), 0.01-0.07mg/m3; Titanium (Ti), 0.02-0.03mg/m3; Iron(Fe), 0.00-0.01mg/m3; Zinc(Zn), 0.01-0.02mg/m3; Strontium(Sr), 0.01-0.02mg/m3; Barium(Ba), 0.01-0.01mg/m3; Nickel(Ni), 0.03-0.51mg/m3; Copper(Cu), 0.15-0.19mg/m3; Zirconium(Zr), 0.00-0.01mg/m3; Vanadium(V), 0.00-0.00mg/m3; Chlorine (Cl), 0.03-0.08mg/m3 .Copper (Cu) was highly enriched in all the locations when Iron was used as a reference element while Zirconium(Zr) was highly enriched when Iron was used as reference element but poorly enriched in all the locations when Cu was as a reference element. The enrichment values of the various element when Iron was as a reference element are shown in this order: Cu >Zr>Ba>Cl>Ni>Zn>Sr>Ti>K>Ca>V
