Course of Acute Pancreatitis Patients with Renal Failure According to Balthazar Classification

Abstract

Background and Aim: There are criteria that include many organ systems to predict the prognosis in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients. In  this study, we aimed to show how the course of the disease changes according to the Balthazar classification in AP patients presenting  with renal failure.

Methods and Materials: Our study included 352 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Service of our hospital  and were diagnosed and hospitalized with AP. According to the Balthazar score, patients with scores of 0–2, 4–6, and 8–10 were evaluated  as mild, moderate, and severe AP, respectively. Demographic data (age, gender) of all patients were documented. The etiology of AP was  determined in all patients. Biliary, drug/toxic, alcohol, infections, hyperlipidemia, post‑endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography  (ERCP), genetics, hypercalcemia, structural anomalies, and malignancy were evaluated as the etiology. Those without any underlying pathology were evaluated as idiopathic AP. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without renal insufficiency. All  patients underwent helical computed tomography (section 64, Aquilion; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo) within the first 12 hours and  between days 3 and 7. Pancreas, peripancreatic and extrapancreatic findings, and complications were examined. “The Statistical Package  for the Social Sciences 19.0 (SPSS Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.)” was used for all analyses. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and histograms were  used to determine whether there was a normal distribution. The non-parametric data of the groups were compared using the Mann– Whitney U test and the parametric data using the ındependent t test. Chi-square test was used to test categorical data. Cases with P <  0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: While 22 (6.2%) patients had renal insufficiency, 332 (95.8%) patients did not have renal insufficiency. In the evaluation made in terms of AP severity; according to Balthazar classification at admission, there was no  difference in mild and moderate pancreatitis for kidney insufficiency in both groups, but it was significantly higher in the group with  severe pancreatitis [2 (9.1%) versus 1 (0.3%), P < 0.001]. In the evaluation made after 72 hours; renal failure was significantly lower in the  group with mild pancreatitis [11 (50.0%) versus 245 (73.8%), P: 0.016] and severe renal failure was significantly higher in severe  pancreatitis [7 (31.8%) versus 13 (%) 3.9), P < 0.001].

Conclusions: Early intensive care unit admission and close follow-up and early  treatment in AP patients change the course of the disease. In our study, we showed that serum creatinine level is an important  parameter in the course of AP and has a predictive value for the course of the disease.