An Assessment of School-Based Health Instruction Among Primary Schools in Ido/Osi Local Government Area Southwest, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: School Health Instruction (SHI) comprises of series of formal, well-planned, and organized learning whereby information concerning knowledge, habits, attitudes, practices, and conducts are given pertaining to the health of an individual or members of the school community. A well- structured and implemented SHI forms the basis for a healthy health promotion.

Aim: The study aimed at assessing the implementation of SHI among  primary schools in a Local Government Area, Southwest, Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 67 private and public schools in a Local Government Area of Ekiti State using a standardized checklist and direct observation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results: The ratio of teachers to pupils was 1:16 in  public schools and 1:10 in private schools. More public-school teachers (93.8%) compared to private school teachers (28.9) had education-related qualifications (P < 0.0001). All public schools adhered to the recommended three periods per week on health education while the frequency of adherence varied in private schools. About half of the private school teachers and 60.4% of the public school teachers have had in-service training on general health and health promotion. Direct teaching by a subject teacher was carried out by 11.9% of the schools while 49.3% had supplemental teaching aids. The scope of health education was uniform among all the schools. Only 46.3% of the schools attained the recommended minimum acceptable score on SHI.  

Conclusion: School health instruction was poorly implemented in the study location. There is a need to scale up SHI and monitor its implementation in the study location. These efforts should be supported by all stakeholders and backed with adequate oversight function by regulatory authorities,  provision of in-service training, and teaching aids for teachers.