Mask‑Associated Dry Eye (MADE) in Healthcare Professionals Working at COVID-19 Pandemic Clinics

Abstract

Background: Healthcare professionals working at COVID-19 pandemic clinics have to work with masks during long hours. After the widespread use of  masks in the community, many mask-related side effects were reported to clinics. The increase in the number of applicants with dry eye symptoms due to  mask use in ophthalmology clinics has led to the emergence of the concept of mask-associated dry eye (MADE). We think that it would be valuable to  evaluate ocular surface tests with a comparative study using healthcare professionals working in pandemic clinics, which we think is the right study  group to examine the effects of longterm mask use.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the mask-associated dry eye (MADE) symptoms and findings in  healthcare professionals who have to work prolonged time with face masks in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic clinics.

Patients and  Methods: In this prospective, observational comparative clinical study, healthcare professionals who use the mask for a long time and work in COVID-19  pandemic clinics were compared with an age and sex-matched control group consisting of short-term masks users, from April 2021 to November 2021.  All participants underwent the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear film break‑up time (T‑BUT), Oxford staining score, Schirmer’s test  I, and meibography with infrared transillumination.

Results: The long-term mask user group consisted of 64 people, while the short-term mask user  group consisted of 66 people (260 eyes, total). The OSDI score and Schirmer I measurement were not statistically different between the two groups.  T‑BUT was statistically significantly shorter in the long-term group (P: 0.008); lid parallel-conjunctival fold, Oxford staining score, and upper and lower lid  meibography score were found to be significantly higher in the long-term group (P < 0.001, P: 0.004, P: 0.049, P: 0.044, respectively).

Conclusion:  Healthcare professionals with longer mask-wearing times are at greater risk of ocular surface damage. It may be considered to prevent this damage by blocking airflow to the ocular surface, such as by wearing a face mask properly or fitting it over the nose with surgical tape. Those who have to work with  a mask for a long time during the COVID-19 pandemic should keep in mind the ophthalmology follow-up for eye comfort and ocular surface health.