Finite element analysis of optimal design of distal geometry of cementless femoral prosthesis

Abstract

Aim and Background: This study aims to improve the geometric design of the distal cementless femoral prosthesis stem, thereby changing the stress distribution of the femoral prosthesis and reducing the proximal stress shielding and distal stress concentration of the femur, so as to obtain better bone growth and long-term stability. Materials and Methods: Two geometric shapes of the femoral stems, namely, inverted hollow cone and cross-shaped bottom groove, are designed for the distal femoral prosthesis. The model is built based on the femoral computed tomography (CT) data of healthy volunteers, and the finite element method is used to analyze and calculate the stress distribution of the two femoral prosthesis stems. Results: According to the length and width of bottom “cross” groove, the stress values of the femoral region of the cross-grooved distal femur are divided into five groups, namely, group 1 (length 1:1, groove width 1.0 mm); group 2 (length 1:1, groove width 1.5 mm); group 3 (length 1:1, groove width 2.0 mm); group 4 (length 1:2, groove width 1.0 mm); group 5 (length 1:2, groove 1.5 mm wide). And the non-grooved group of the distal femur is designated as group 0. In the segment A, B, and C of the femoral region, the difference in the mean stress between group 0 and groups 1, 2, and 3 have statistical significance. Conclusion: The bottom “cross” groove of the distal femoral prosthesis can change the stress distribution in the prosthesis-distal femoral region and reduce the stress concentration at the distal prosthesis. Wherein, the grooved design of length ratio 1:1 is more advantageous.