Insulin sensitivity and mortality risk estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: There is at present the dearth of information on the possible contribution of insulin resistance to scores obtained from mortality risk estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim: This study determined the mortality risk scores in patients with T2DM and its relationship with insulin resistance.

Methods: Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides, serum and urinary creatinine, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum insulin, and urinary albumin were determined in 111 T2DM patients. Thereafter, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated using the standard formula. Mortality risk was estimated using the validated Gargano mortality risk calculator with scores ≤0.67, 0.68–0.79, and ≥0.80 considered as low, intermediate, and high risks, respectively.

Results: Of the total patients, 5 (4.5%), 28 (25.2%), and 78 (70.3%) patients had high, intermediate, and low mortality risk, respectively. There was no difference in the median QUICKI values when the three groups were compared. However, there was a significant elevation in the median eGFR in patients with high mortality risk compared with patients with low and intermediate mortality risks. Also, the median mortality risk score of patients with low insulin sensitivity (QUICKI ≤0.3) was similar to that obtained in patients with normal insulin sensitivity (QUICKI ≥0.31). No significant correlation was found between QUICKI and mortality risk scores.

Conclusion: Insulin sensitivity status does not have a direct effect on scores obtained from the Gargano mortality risk prediction model.

Keywords: Insulin resistance, mortality risk, type 2 diabetes mellitus, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio