Normalization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Turkey

Abstract

Aim: To construct normal values for the tests of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and evaluate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among Turkish patients with liver cirrhosis.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-five healthy subjects and sixty patients with liver cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy were included in the study. All subjects underwent psychometric tests, which include number connection test-A and B (NCT-A/B), serial dotting test (DST), line drawing test (LDT), and digit symbol test (DST) in the same day. The variables that affected the results of the test were included in the multiple linear regression models and formulas were constructed to predict the expected results for each tests.

Results: The results of all PHES tests, except the LDT in the cirrhotic group were significantly different than center of gravity (CG) (P < 0,001). The score of PHES in the cirrhotic group was -2,18 ± 3,3 (median -2; range: 11 to +4), significantly lower than CG (-0.31 ± 2.18 [median, 0; range, -8 to +5]) (P < 0.001). the cutoff of PHES was set -4 point. Therefore, 19 of the 60 cirrhotic patients were diagnosed with MHE (31.6%). Among the patients with MHE, 11 (11/45, 24,4%) had Child-Pugh classification (CTP) A and 8 (8/15, 53.3%) had CTP B. No differences in age and education years were found between the MHE and non-MHE groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Turkish PHES normograms have been developed for detecting patients with MHE. Future multicenter national studies are needed to validate widely applicable norms.

Keywords: Cirrhosis, minimal hepatic encephalopathy, psychometric tests