Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage inpatients in a tertiary care hospital’s chest clinic in Turkey

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for nasal methicillin‑sensitive and methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) carriage among patients admitted to a chest clinic of a tertiary care hospital in this study.

Materials and Methods: Nasal samples were taken from anterior nares were cultured in CHROMagar S. aureus plates, MRSA was determined by disc diffusion method (cefoxitin 30 μg) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and CHROMagar MRSA plates. A questionnaire was applied to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants and risk factors for carriage. Fisher’s exact test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. A P < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.

Results: This is a cross‑sectional study covering all the patients (n = 431) admitted to Kayseri Training and Research Hospital’s Chest Clinic from January 1^st to 31^st 2014. Of all these patients 55 (12.8%) were nasal S. aureus carriers. MRSA positivity was in five among these patients. In multivariate analysis, being under 65 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 3.3), and having prosthesis (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.6–13.9) were found as risk factors for MSSA colonization.

Conclusion: The prevalence of nasal carriage of MSSA was low in our study population. The only risk factors playing role in carriage were found as being under the age of 65 and having prosthesis.

Keywords: Carriage, chest clinic, inpatients, Staphylococcus aureus