Assessment of the Biocompatibility of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Bioaggregate, and Biodentine in the Subcutaneous Tissue of Rats

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the tissue inflammation caused by three endodontic repair materials.

Materials and Methods: The materials included micro mega‑mineral trioxide aggregate (MM‑MTA), bioaggregate (BA), and biodentine (BD), which were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The tissue samples for histological examination were prepared. The infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the tissue was examined to assess the inflammatory response.

Results: Lymphocyte infiltration: A significant increase was detected in the MM‑MTA and BA groups on the 7^th and 14^th days as compared with the control (7^th day P = 0.0001, 14^th day P = 0.0176). There was no difference between the groups on the 45^th day (P = 0.1730). Lymphocyte infiltration had decreased over time in all groups. Macrophage infiltration: There was a significant increase by the 7^th day in the test groups as compared to the control group (P = 0.007). However, there was no difference between the experimental groups on the 14^th (P = 0.2708) and 45^th (P = 0.1291) days.

Conclusion: While MM‑MTA and BA showed a similar biocompatibility, BD was more biocompatible than MM‑MTA and BA in the 1^st week of the experiment. However, there was no difference between the materials at the end of the 45^th day. MM‑MTA, BA, and BD can be considered suitable endodontic repair materials.

Keywords: Bioaggregate, Biocompatible Materials, Biodentine, Endodontics