Correlation of astrocyte elevated gene‑1, basic‑fibroblast growth factor, beta‑catenin, Ki‑67, tumor necrosis factor‑alfa with prognostic parameters in ductal carcinomas and ductal intraepithelial neoplasms

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. Although it is widely accepted that the etiology of breast cancer includes both genetic and environmental factors, the molecular mechanism of its development and progression remains poorly understood, and thus far, no specific signature of breast cancer gene expression has been reported to allow for patient‑tailored therapy strategies. Hence, it is of great clinical value to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of breast cancer and to identify effective early markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease as well as novel therapeutic targets.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 90 paraffin‑embedded breast tumor samples. Immunohistochemical stains for astrocyte elevated gene‑1 (AEG‑1), basic‑fibroblast growth factor (b‑FGF), beta‑catenin, Ki‑67, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) were performed on tissue microarray using standard procedures. Each patient age, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‑2) status, size, lymphovascular invasion, metastasis of lymph node (LNM), nipple and ductal hyperplasia areas were assessed.
Results: We observed significant relationship between the age and LNM or FGF (P = 0.018, 0.035, respectively). The relationship between histological and nuclear grade, LNM, ER, PR, HER‑2 and prognostic parameters was evaluated in cases of ductal carcinomas (DC). There was a significant positive correlation between TNF‑α, size, LNM (P ≤ 0.0001, 0.002, 0.005). We found that significant relationship between AEG‑1 and TNF‑α. There was a significant positive correlation between FGF and Ki‑67 and negative correlation AEG‑1. Although, FGF, TNF‑α, AEG‑1 staining in DC were observed higher than ductal intraepithelial neoplasms, this observation could not statistically (P ≥ 0.05).
Conclusions: The present work aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of AEG‑1, b‑FGF, beta‑catenin, Ki‑67, TNF‑α other prognostic parameters in DC and ductal intraepithelial neoplasm. We found a relationship between these factors.

Key words: Astrocyte elevated gene‑1, beta‑catenin, basic‑fibroblast growth factor, ductal carcinomas, prognostic parameters, tumor necrosis factor‑α