A lexico-semantic analysis of coup speeches of generals Ibrahim Babangida and Sani Abacha

Abstract

This paper analyses Generals Ibrahim Babangida and Sani Abacha‟s coup speeches from a lexico-semantic ambit. The study reveals that  the language of coup speeches is deliberately different from that of everyday usage. It exposes us to the forms and characteristics of  political language as contained in coup speeches which include; newspeak, doublespeak, diplomacy, vagueness, persuasiveness and  euphemism. The major sources of data are the Babangida and Abacha‟s coup speeches of August 27, 1985 and November 17, 1993,  respectively. The study adopts Hallidayan‟s theory which helps in the analysis of the texts. The findings reveal that language is an  important tool in coup speeches and that the choices of words used by the speakers are highly dependent on their idiosyncrasies. The  study also reveals that both speakers use the same lexico-semantic features such as, lexical choices which include the diction and choice  of words used by the speakers; referring expression which include pronominal references; lexical reiteration which include repetition of  dictions and phrases and also the use of lexical relation which include synonyms, antonyms, etc. to arrive at meaning. It therefore  concludes that both speeches have some similarities since they were both delivered at similar circumstance and situation. Lastly, the  study concludes that military coup speeches have some elements of political orientations as reflected in their choice of words which is  geared toward persuading, appealing and convincing the audience through the use of language.