Using Fisher-Owen’s conceptual-model in designing program for fluorosis control in Nigerian children

Abstract

Dental discoloration is a public health problem with 11.4% of the population in Nigeria, impacted by this disorder. Dental fluorosis one of such discoloration is caused by exposures to high fluoride during tooth development. It is linked to the development of a variety of physiological and psychological problems, such as dental aesthetics, reduction in intelligence and skeletal changes. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to examine how the children oral health model can be used to design programs for the control of fluorosis in children in a rural community in Nigeria. The theoretical model utilized a twenty-two domain of influences to develop possible fluoride exposure pathways. The study was guided by the following research questions: What is the prevalence of fluorosis among Nigerian school-aged children? What are the prevailing influences at children, parental and community levels that can impact on children fluorosis? Data was collected by administering three surveys, on children aged 5 to 15 years, their parent/guardian, and on community leaders. Chi-square and regression analysis tests were used to test for possible associations. The study findings showed a fluorosis prevalence rate of 86.6% in the 269 school children surveyed. Children fluorosis was associated with the length of stay in the study area, knowledge and the fluoride content in water, soil, and food. This study’s possible impact on social change include raising awareness, and identifying many possible ways that can be used to control it; such ways as improved dental care services and flocculation of community water sources.