Lexicography and Language Planning in 18th Century Sweden Leksikografie en taalbeplanning in 18de-eeuse Sweeds

Abstract

The 18th century was important for Swedish linguistic development. Foreign lexical influence and orthographical standardization were intensely discussed, and the vocabulary was codified in several dictionaries, all bilingual. In this article, two questions of 18th century lexicography are studied in two influential dictionaries: Serenius (1741) and Sahlstedt (1773). The first question concerns the inclusion of Latin and Swedish legal lexical items in the lemma list; the second question examines the lexicographical treatment of the lexical item and the division into senses.

40 lexical items with a legal sense were extracted from the first two judicial handbooks written in Swedish (Rålamb 1674 and Kloot 1676). As a benchmark, Dalin (1850–55) was used; a monolingual dictionary representing the period when lexicography became fully developed in Sweden. Two modern dictionaries are also used as a comparison, SO (2009) and NSEOP (2018). The results indicate that both Serenius and Sahlstedt were loyal to the ideas of their time. They included only Latin lexical items that were already fully incorporated in Swedish and relevant for general dictionaries. The judicial senses are also discerned in the articles, but sense indicators are used in an inconsistent way and examples get mixed up. The lexicographers also lean heavily on Latin as meta language.

Die 18de eeu was 'n belangrike tydperk vir Sweedse taalkundige ontwikkeling. Vreemde leksikale invloed en ortografiese standaardisering is in erns bespreek, en die woordeskat is in verskeie woor-deboeke, almal tweetalig, gekodifiseer. In hierdie artikel word twee vraagstukke van die 18de-eeuse leksikografie in twee invloedryke woordeboeke bestudeer: Serenius (1741) en Sahlstedt (1773). Die eerste vraagstuk hou verband met die insluiting van Latynse en Sweedse leksikale regsitems in die lemmalys; die tweede vraagstuk hou verband met die leksikografiese hantering van die leksi-kale item en die verdeling daarvan in betekenisse.
40 leksikale items met 'n regsbetekenis is onttrek uit die eerste twee regshandboeke wat in Sweeds geskryf is (Rålamb 1674 en Kloot 1676). Dalin (1850–55), 'n eentalige woordeboek wat ver-teenwoordigend is van die tydperk waarin die leksikografie ten volle in Swede ontwikkel is, is as maatstaf gebruik. Twee moderne woordeboeke, SO (2009) en NSEOP (2018), word ook ter vergely-king gebruik. Die resultate dui daarop dat beide Serenius en Sahlstedt getrou aan die opvattings van hul tyd was. Hulle het slegs Latynse leksikale items wat reeds ten volle in Sweeds geïnkorporeer is en wat belangrik vir algemene woordeboeke was, ingesluit. Die regsbetekenisse is ook in die artikels onderskei, maar betekenisaanduiders is inkonsekwent gebruik en voorbeelde is deurmekaar aangegee. Die leksikograwe het ook sterk op Latyn as metataal gesteun.