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Main Article Content
Corrélation entre les caractéristiques socio démographiques et la consummation alimentaire des adolescentes de 10 à 18 ans dans cinq régions du Niger
Abstract
La mise en place des caractères sexuels secondaires survient pendant l’adolescence, et surtout chez la jeune fille, pour la reproduction. Il s’agit d’une période cruciale, qui nécessite une alimentation particulière, équilibrée et de qualité. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer les caractéristiques socioéconomiques et démographiques des ménages et d’analyser la consommation alimentaire des adolescentes dans cinq régions du Niger. Une enquête a été conduite auprès de 3200 ménages, à Tillabéri, Dosso, Tahoua, Maradi, Zinder. Ainsi, des données socio-économiques, démographiques et de consommation alimentaire ont été collectées, par questionnaire, dans ces différents ménages. Le sexe masculin est le plus représenté dans 58,90% des cas avec un ratio de 1,45 et 65,7% des ménages vivent dans des maisons individuelles de type traditionnel. Ils ont comme principale source en eau des puits ouverts dans 40,6%. 54,50% des ménages avaient entre 4 à 9 membres et 88,20% des chefs de ménages travaillent pour leur propre compte. L’agriculture constitue la principale activité du chef de ménage dans 63,80%. La distance la plus parcourue pour aller au centre de santé le plus proche est celle comprise entre 1 et 5 km soit 45,40%. En outre, il existe une correlation statistiquement significative entre l’activité du chef de ménage, la source de revenu, les membres de ménage et la consommation de céréales et du niébé (p=0,000 <0,05). Aussi, la consommation d’aliments/boisson à base de farine des céréales est statistiquement significative avec l’existence d’une banque céréalière au niveau des ménages. Cette étude montre une fois de plus, que l’alimentation des ménages et les conditions socioéconomiques du chef de ménage sont corrélées avec la consommation alimentaire des adolescentes. Il serait important de diversifier l’alimentation des ménages pour que suive, celle des adolescentes ou que les programmes de fortification ciblent les céréales et le niébé pour équilibrer leur ration.
English Abstract
The development of secondary sexual characteristics occurs during adolescence, and especially in girls for reproduction. This is a crucial period, requiring a special, balanced and high-quality diet. The aim of this study was to determine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households, and to analyze the food consumption of adolescent girls in five regions of Niger. A survey was carried-out in 3200 households in Tillabéri, Dosso, Tahoua, Maradi and Zinder. Socioeconomic, demographic and food consumption data were collected by questionnaire from these households. Males were more represented in 58.90% of cases, with a sex ratio of 1.45, and 65.7% of households lived in traditional single-family homes. Their main source of water was wells in 40.6% of cases. Households with 4 to 9 members were the most represented in this study (54.50%) 88.2% working for their own account. Agriculture was found to be the main activity of the head of household in 63.80% of cases. The longest distance to the nearest health center was found to be between 1 and 5 km which represents 45.40%. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between the activity of the head of household, source of income, household members and consumption of cereals and cowpeas (p=0.000 <0.05). Also, consumption of cereal flour-based foods/drinks was statistically significant with the existence of a cereal bank at household level. This study shows once again that household diet and socio-economic conditions of the head of household are correlated with food consumption of adolescent girls. It would be important to diversify household diets so that adolescent girls' diets could follow, or that fortification programs target cereals and cowpeas to balance their rations.
Keywords: Correlation, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, households, food consumption, adolescent girls, Niger
