Challenges and coping strategies of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Eswatini

Abstract

Background: Research shows that the debilitating effects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) not only have an impact on the child, but on the parents and caregivers as well. This study aimed to explore the challenges and coping strategies of parents of children with ASD in Eswatini.
Methodology: An exploratory, descriptive qualitative study that used purposive sampling to interview parents of children with ASD was utilised. Data were gathered using two focus groups, three dyads, and two semi-structured interviews. There were 18 participants in this study. Data were interpreted by thematic analysis, and considered according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.
Findings: The themes were in alignment with the aim of this study, namely the “challenges of parents of children with ASD” and “coping strategies of parents of children with ASD”. Significant personal and societal difficulties, the severity of the symptoms of ASD, and challenges in the health and education systems were subthemes identified under the “challenges of parents” theme. The subthemes that emerged from the “coping strategies” theme were adaptive coping and maladaptive coping. Factors associated with adaptive coping included acceptance of the ASD diagnosis, optimism and faith in God, social support, and celebrating milestones. Maladaptive coping strategies encompassed using corporal punishment, avoidance, social withdrawal, and keeping the child locked in.
Conclusion: Recommendations made to mitigate the challenges included strengthening research into ASD, increasing awareness in communities, and training professionals working in the field of ASD.