Polymorphism in grain architecture of rice landraces cultivated in northern Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated seed shape and size polymorphism in 70 rice genotypes from diverse ecological regions in Nigeria, including  North-West, North-East, and North-Central. The aim was to profile these genotypes based on marketability and consumer preferences.  Seed evaluation followed the International Rice Research Institute's (IRRI) standard protocol. Measurements of seed length and width,  with and without husk, were taken using precise instruments. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and cluster analysis revealed significant  variability in seed dimensions among landraces. Results showed that all genotypes were slender-shaped, with lengths ranging from 3.2 to  6.8 mm. Classification revealed 18.6% extra-long, 44.3% long, 25.7% medium, and 11.4% short-grained landraces. Cluster analysis  grouped landraces by brown rice shape. This information is crucial for rice breeders, farmers, policymakers, and importers to develop  effective strategies for future rice production and trade.