Magnitude and drug resistance profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing gram-negative bacteria from different inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria are causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. The production of Extended- Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism that is responsible for resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and drug resistance profile of ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria  isolated from various inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).

Methods: Laboratory based study was conducted on stored isolates from January to March 2019. The samples were taken from different  inanimate objects (Intensive care unit (ICU) tables, ICU sinks, ICU IV stands, ICU beds, Incubators, ICU pediatrics trolley, oxygen  regulators, Operation room (OR) tables, OR beds, OR computers, OR doors, lift buttons, x-ray chairs, and some other items) in Tikur  Anbessa Specialized Hospital(TASH) and 216 isolates were used for further analysis. Biochemical tests for identification and antimicrobial  susceptibility test were done by disc diffusion method. Screening of ESBLs was done using ESBL CHROME agar and confirmed with a  combined disk diffusion test. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version -20 and descriptive statistical tests including frequency  and percentage were calculated.

Results: In this study out of 216 gram negative bacteria, 15.3% of them were found to be ESBL  producers based on the confirmatory test (combined disk method) from the various inanimate objects of TASH. Klebsiella ozaenae,  Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Citrobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Serriatia spp and Acinetobacter spp were  ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria and found to be 100% resistant to ceftazidime and ceftriaxone.

Conclusion: It is worrisome  to detect ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria from the inanimate objects of TASH, calling for systematic screening of  inanimate objects for ESBL and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in the hospital. Furthermore, strengthening the infection prevention  practice is vital to halt the transmission of these microorganisms.