Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of human mortality every year in several countries worldwide. It is a significant concern from a public health perspective as well. There are several therapies available in the market to treat cardiovascular diseases. Statins are considered the best therapy among the other drugs due to their multifunctional effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammation.

Objective: Statins are the best HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to date, after considering the several trial reports like PROVE-IT, MEGA, LIPID CARE, ALLHAT-LLT, PROSPER to demonstrate the statin effectivity.

Methods: The different databases were studied for a comparison of statin treatment group versus control trial group. Multivariate regression analysis and other meta-analyses were performed. Statin efficacy with the other drugs and some studies were done to compare the effectiveness within different statin groups.

Results and Discussions: The findings showed a 10% mortality reduction among patients in the statin groups (Risk Ratio 0.89: 95% CI, 0.87–0.95, I2 value 16%, P value ≤ 0.0001,). About 1.1% mortality reduction occurred with the 10% low density lipoprotein change, (P value 0.003, 95% CI,0.29–1.18), a 20% reduction in cardiovascular mortality was documented in the statin treated patients than in the control patients (RR 0.80, 95% CI value 0.73–0.88, I2 value 27%, P value < 0.0001). Myocardial risk reduction was about 18% (RR 0.83, P-value < 0.0001, I2 = 21%, 95% CI 0.76–0.90). Despite minimum adverse effects, there was a significantly increased rate of diabetes in the statin group (OR 1.07, P-value=0.0008, 95% CI 1.03–1.17, I2 value 16%).

Conclusion: It has been found that statin is very safe to use in cardiovascular disease treatment, and found effective in limiting the LDL-c levels compared to the other kind of drugs such as Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Iprosartan, Losartan, Olmesarta. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021: 35(4):297-308]

Keywords: Statin, Cardiovascular disease, HMG-CoA reductase, Low-density Lipoprotein, efficacy, cholesterol, Randomized trial, Control trail.