Effects of moisture content and heat treatment on peroxide value and oxidative stability of un-refined sesame oil

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) is one of the oldest cultivated plants. Its seed contains about 42-54 % quality oil, 22-25 % protein, 20-25 % carbohydrates and 4-6% ash. This composition varies with genetic and environmental factors. Conditioning of oil seeds which include roasting, flaking, size reduction, cooking, pre-pressing and drying, is an important operation in the production line of sesame oil. This work investigated effects of initial moisture content, roasting duration and temperature on initial Peroxide Value (PV) and Oxidative Stability (OS) of un-refined sesame oil using response surface methodology. Goza-25, a variety of sesame seed that is commercially cultivated in Nigeria was used for the study. Initial moisture content levels were 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 % wet basis (wb). Roasting duration and temperature levels were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes, and 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 oC respectively. The recorded minimum and maximum PV were 3.9 and 15.4 meq/kg respectively. Mean value was 9.85 ± 3.9 meq/kg. Peroxide value increased with increasing
moisture content and reduced with increasing roasting duration. Analysis of variance and regression analysis of obtained data showed that application of quadratic model to predict effect of initial moisture content, roasting duration and temperature on peroxide value is significant at p ≤ 0.05. Within the studied range, 13 h was the minimum OS recorded while maximum were 63.3 h. Mean of the data was 38.37 ± 16.02. Using the conversion factor of one hour of an active oxygen hour as being equivalent to 15 days; the expressed sesame oil in its present form will retain its quality for a maximum period of 949 days. Rise in roasting temperature and duration increased the oxidative stability, a reverse was observed with initial moisture content. High moisture content reduced the quality and storage life while heat treatment increased both the initial quality and storage life of the mechanically expressed oil. Peroxide value and oxidative stability of crude sesame oil significantly (p ≤ 0.05) depend on moisture content of the seed, roasting duration and temperature.

Key words: Sesame, Oil, Crude, Oxidation, Storage