Knowledge and perceptions of smallholder farmers regarding Solanum incanum L. use as a pesticide in Mkoba community in Gweru, Zimbabwe

Abstract

This study explored the knowledge and perceptions the smallholder farmers in Mkoba village hold regarding the use of extracts of the  root and fruit of S. incanum. A questionnaire was administered to 49 sampled respondents (age range 16 to 70 years) from Mkoba village  who practiced communal gardening and used Solanum incanum as a pesticide. The data were reported in frequency tables and graphs. The Chi-square was used to determine the associations between the respondents’ perceptions and education level, age, and gender at p  = .05. An independent t-test was also used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the different  educational groups in their perceptions of S. incanum at p = .05. Of the 49 respondents, 20(40.8%) were in the age range of 30-50 years,  and 30 (61.2%) were female. The study found that respondents were knowledgeable about the S. incanum preparations, of which 18  (36.7%) of that indigenous knowledge came from their parents. Many uses of S. incanum were reported which included wound healing 23  (46.9%), toothache 32 (65.3%), and stomach-ache 34(69.3%) remedy. There were mixed opinions reported regarding its environmental  user-friendliness, health benefits, and efficacy. Twenty-six 26 (53%) of the respondents believed that S. incanum was non- poisonous and therefore they did not see the need for any precautional measures including the use of personal protective clothing. The  most prevalent symptoms of diseases were skin rash 30 (61.2%), nausea 13 (26.5%), headache 15 (30.6%), and poor vision 8 (16.3%) and  these symptoms were common in the age group 30 to 60 years. The popular use of S. incanum was attributed to the strong cultural  background as well as the unavailability of money to purchase commercial pesticides. Appropriate awareness and education  programmes in the community should be organised by the community leaders to increase the level of knowledge to enhance appropriate  attitudes and perceptions regarding the hazards S. incanum brings as a pesticide.