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Concrete Pictorial Abstract Approach Use in Teaching Mathematics on Secondary Students’ Participation in Six Selected Schools in Kicukiro District, Rwanda
Hakizimana Theoneste
Abstract
Mathematics is pivotal in science and technology, serving as a gateway discipline. Effective teaching should foster positive attitudes by engaging students with real-world examples. The SPECIFIC objective of this study was to investigate how the use of Concrete-Pictorial -Abstract approach in mathematics subject affects students’ participation in selected schools in Kicukiro District. This study was based on investigating the use concrete pictorial abstract approach in teaching mathematics on secondary students’ participation in selected ordinary secondary schools in Kicukiro district. The population targeted in this study was all 2520 senior two students, 51 mathematics teachers and 36 directors of studies and the sample size comprised 540 students, 6 directors of studies and 6 mathematics teachers. This study applied constructivism theory. A qualitative research approach was used since the topic for research requires an in-depth study in a real situation together with descriptions which can be done better in words than in numbers. Instruments used in data collection in this research are interview and observation. To analyze the data obtained during interview and observation, this study used content analysis. Content analysis is a technique utilized for organizing spoken or written materials into predetermined categories with similar meanings. Findings reveal that when teachers use the CPA approach in teaching mathematics, students participate in lessons through manipulating concrete materials. The stage of pictorial use enables students to develop critical thinking by transitioning from concrete to abstract concepts. This final step involves students using numbers and symbols. At this step the findings show that the students try to make general rule by using numbers and symbols though students seem less active than during the steps of using concrete and pictorial. Conclusion, learners participate in learning mathematics and improve their performance through the usage of concrete pictorial abstract approach, by using tangible materials and visuals aids. This research will help the teachers who teach mathematics to involve the students in order to make the class active and stick on the learner centered approach, by engaging the students in all levels, and it will help both teachers and students to understand that mathematics concepts are tangible by using the materials, and this will attract students’ interest and participation which lead to performance.
