Assessment of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA and miR-200b Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellites in Correlation with Clinicopathological and Anatomical Distribution of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most distressing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a strong angiogenic factor associated with wound healing and development. This study  aimed to investigate the VEGF mRNA and miR-200b levels in patients with T2DM and to discover their relations with the  clinicopathological and anatomical distribution of DFU.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled 70 patients with T2DM and 70 healthy  subjects as controls. Physical and neurological examination to assess Wagner classification. RT-PCR was done to assess VEGF mRNA and  miR200b expression levels.

Results: There were significantly higher values of VEGF mRNA levels in patients with DFU (3.13±1.87)  compared to patients without DFU (2.41±0.197) and controls (1.07±0.363), with P value ˂0.001* Additionally, miR-200b levels were  significantly higher in patients with DFU (3.48±1.47) compared to patients without DFU (2.94±0.187) and controls (1.13±0.37), with P value  ˂0.001*. The power of VEGF mRNA and miR-200b levels as a diagnostic marker for DFU were projected (2.5 and 3.1, respectively), which yielded a sensitivity of (77.1% and 74.3, respectively) and a specificity of (77.3% and 75.2%), with the AUC at (0.886 and 0.845, respectively).  The size of DFU in cm was 3.5±0.421 and the number of ulcers was 2.45±0.433.

Conclusions: The VEGF mRNA and miR-200b  levels were significantly higher in patients with T2DM, particularly those with DFU. Consequently, we believed that VEGF mRNA  and miR-200b might serve as promising predictive biomarkers for diabetes and DFU.