Feto-Maternal outcomes in pregnant women with first trimester vaginal bleeding

Abstract

Background: Vaginal bleeding can be a normal sign of implantation of the pregnancy, may herald the initiation of spontaneous abortion, or may be the sign of a pathologic condition such as ectopic pregnancy or gestational trophoblastic disease.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study included 68 cases of pregnant female with first trimester vaginal bleeding at Obstetrics& Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. The duration of the study was from February 2021 to December 2021. General and local examinations were done for every participant. Vaginal bleeding was considered light when the women did not need hospital care and heavy when she was admitted to hospital. Fetal biometric measures and any maternal or fetal outcomes were noted and associated with vaginal bleeding. .

Results: There was 29.5% had no complications but there is 8.8% had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), 17.6% had placental abruption, 30.9% had premature labor, 10.3% had premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and 2.9% had intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).

Conclusion: Patients who were presented with severe vaginal bleeding had a pregnancy loss and hence a negative prognosis. Pregnancy prognosis is considerably influenced in the presence of sub-chorionic hematoma since the risk of preterm labour, IUGR, and notably miscarriage increases dramatically.