Wadi Alshatti University Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

Management of sustainable development in the light of Arab and international cooperation, a case study of the Arab vision of management of sustainable development

Kholoud Jamal Moumani — 2024-09-18

The issue of development receives a special priority when setting goals and drawing up general policies for society. In general, any planning process must take environmental dimensions into account. If this is not done, the planning process here is considered incomplete and not strong at a time when the problem of pollution and the increase in the proportion of greenhouse gases and their reflection is increasing. On the rise in the earth's temperature. The world has witnessed major advances in human development since the turn of the century. Extreme poverty has been cut in half, youth literacy has reached a record level, child mortality has continued to decline and the Millennium Development Goals have supported unparalleled development efforts. Despite these and many other achievements, great challenges remain and more work is needed to eradicate poverty in all its forms, and to complete the unfinished business of the Millennium Development Goals. The consequences of the worst economic and financial crises in modern history must be addressed, and consideration must also be given to The implications of migration, managing the current refugee crisis, and achieving significant reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions in order to protect the planet for future generations. To achieve all of this, we must continue to look beyond economic measures by considering all aspects of well-being and sustainable development. This research paper mainly aims to identify sustainable development strategies in the general sense, and it works to draw a number of strategies and plans to develop and develop a number of productive sectors, and to achieve development in all its aspects, such as health and social, and sustainable development is nothing but the optimal exploitation of natural resources to prevent their depletion and preserve them. Its sustainability, and the paper concluded that shared prosperity and the fulfillment of our responsibilities between generations can only be achieved through a cooperative partnership that includes all countries and all stakeholders, and this was one of the most important goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Plan to provide a useful global framework to enhance collective action towards achieving these common goals.

Estimated blood levels of zinc and copper among type-2 diabetic patients and their relationship to insulin resistance

Amnna Ali Almajdoub — 2024-09-18

Disturbances in the level of trace elements might be inducing "insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)", development, and even complications of diabetes.

Objective: A case-control study was carried out for measurements of serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients (DM2) and compare them with healthy subjects, as well as to estimate their association with insulin resistance.

Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in Alfardous Clinic in Brack-Alshati. It involved one hundred (100) subjects, 60 diabetic subjects and 40 healthy controls. their age from 40 to 60 years. Complete blood count (CBC), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, Cu, and Zn levels were assessed calorimetrically. Independent two-sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation had been used to assess the statistical significance.

Results: The data confirmed that DM2 patients were characterized by significantly elevated Cu, Cu /Zn ratio serum levels, HbA1c, FBG, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and white blood cells (WBC). Additionally, a significant decline in HOMA-β, MCV, and MCH compared with the control group (p = 0.000). On the other hand; there were no statistical differences in the serum Zn level between the two groups. HbA1c, FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were positively correlated with serum copper, while they had no significant correlation with serum zinc.

The study found that, serum zinc showed no association with insulin resistance in diabetic patients, while serum copper increased with this condition.

Estimation of cortisol levels in patient with Metabolic Syndrome in Al-Gorda Al-Shatti Region

Walaa Hassan Alazhari — 2024-09-18

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders, it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mellitus, and high blood pressure. This study was aimed to find out the incidence rate of MetS among people attending the combined clinic at Al-Qurdah Al-Shati area, according to the standards of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), also to measure the level of cortisol hormone and its relation to the factors of this syndrome. 158 subjects were recruited, ages ranging from 35-65 years, of both sexes (74 males and 84 females), divided into two groups (patients and control) depending on whether or not they had metabolic syndrome. Blood cortisol, fat, and glucose concentrations were measured for all of them. Data were analyzed statistically using the SPSS 20 program. Results showed that the incidence of metabolic syndrome was (58.23%), higher in females (52.17%) than males (47.83%), with the most affected ages being 55-65 years (47.83%). No significant difference in the level of cortisol hormone was found between patients and control, however, it was negatively correlated with Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol (P value < 0.05). To conclude there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study population, which was more in females and older age groups, and cortisol hormone is not associated with the five factors of metabolic syndrome.

Mitigation of dust impact on solar photovoltaics performance considering Libyan climate zone: A review

Abdulgader H. Alsharif — 2024-09-18

The effects of dust aerosols on solar panels and people can occasionally extend thousands of kilometres across the atmosphere. The research aims to present the evaluation methods on the impact of dust accumulation on the performance of solar panels in the Libyan climate zone. The study conducted a series of experiments to measure the degradation of solar panel efficiency due to the deposition of dust on the surface of the solar panels. The presented results indicate that the accumulation of dust has a significant negative impact on the performance of solar panels, reducing their efficiency. Furthermore, the study listed the frequency and cleaning methods required to maintain the solar panels' performance over time in this harsh climate. The findings highlight the importance of routine cleaning and maintenance of solar panel installations in dusty and arid regions to ensure optimal performance and maximize energy efficiency.

The influence of transportation limitations on spatial development (A case study of Fezzan Region)

Ahmed Mohamed Alhodairi — 2024-09-18

Transportation plays a fundamental and important role in the progress and development of nations, and it contributes significantly to all other human activities, influencing them and being influenced by them. The existence of an integrated transport and mobility system encourages investors to invest in areas that were previously inaccessible, giving them the opportunity to invest resources in those areas directly or through accompanying investment activities that benefit them and provide employment opportunities for individuals and groups, thus achieving comprehensive local development: economic, social and environmental. This paper examines and analyzes the transportation system in the region of Fezzan in order to identify the main factors that hinder the spread and growth of the network in the region, and thus its impact on spatial development. This system suffers from many shortcomings, both technical and operational, and in its current state it cannot meet the requirements of the region for development and progress. The remoteness of some parts of Fezzan, as well as the difficulty of the desert environment that characterizes the region, require serious consideration of alternative methods and support. Therefore, the paper reviews a set of principles that, if implemented, will contribute to achieving sustainability in all its aspects. It would be beneficial to achieve this within a framework of balanced regional and urban development for Fezzan with its cities and villages.

The use of GIS and multi-criteria fuzzy logic to assess and identify flood-prone areas in the greater Ghat region

Hamed Algassie — 2024-09-18

This study presents an approach to integrate GIS with a multi-criteria fuzzy logic model to identify potential flood risk areas in Ghat region, Libya. The study included six criteria, namely, runoff number (CN) curve number, slope (S) Slope, elevations (E) elevation, Drainage density (Dd) and TWI Topographic Wetness Index, and Topographic Position Index (TPI) to prepare the risk index. Using the fuzzy logic analysis tools in ArcGIS, Fuzzy Function Membership functions are mapped to related raster values in criteria map layers between 0 and 1 and the Fuzzy overlay tools are used to integrate the multi-criteria ambiguous membership outcome maps into the flood risk map. Then, defuzzification was carried out by reclassification using a Natural Separation Classifier (Jenks) and transformed into a conventional final fitting map to identify the flood-prone areas of Ghat. In addition, historical flood inundation data obtained from the SENTINEL-2 satellite platform was used to validate the methodology. The analysis found that 40% of floods are associated with areas of high to very high flood risk. Residential land is more prone to flooding than other types of land use. The results showed that the GIS-based multi-criteria analysis framework can be effectively applied for flood risk analysis to support decision-making in disaster management.

A Kanban framework as a systematic approach for reducing the human tendency to resist change

Fatma H. Fazzani — 2024-09-18

The real success of developing any system is that the customer is satisfied and agrees with the system requirements specifications that were extracted from the requirements engineering stage. Requirements Engineering (RE)-related activities require high collaboration between various roles in software engineering (SE), such as requirements engineers, stakeholders, developers, etc. The development of requirements engineering methodologies has been of great importance in overcoming the problem of not accepting change for a customer when developing the system. Among these advanced methodologies the agile methodology that involves constant collaboration with stakeholders and continuous improvement at every stage the kanban process is one of agile methodologies that structured to address the human tendency to resist change. The main objective of this paper is to provide a kanban framework as a systematic approach that helps to reduce the human tendency to resist change.

The effectiveness of virtual labs in enhancing the level of perception of physics subject among the Secondary school students and using them instead of the traditional ones at Al-Afiya Secondary School in Municipality of Brack – Libya

Ibrahim Abdulrahman — 2024-09-18

This study deals with identifying the impact of virtual laboratories on the level of educational attainment among Secondary school students in understanding physics in theory and linking it to the practical aspect, which is the most important to enhance the students' abilities and understand the subject easily, by conducting experiments inside the virtual laboratory instead of the traditional laboratory, which is short of equipment needed to conduct experiments by the students. An experiment that simulates the practical reality of the experience of the principle of torque balance was recorded from the physics book for the first year of secondary school in the form of a video and presented to students in a secondary school. To test the research hypotheses, the research tool was applied to a sample of 40 students distributed to two control and experimental groups. The results of the achievement and observation scale showed the effect of using the virtual laboratory in which it increases the students' mental ability and works on developing their understanding and remembering skills. The use of software also contributed to create an attractive and interesting learning environment suitable for the different abilities of the students. The virtual laboratory contributed to clarifying abstract concepts, especially those related to movement, which is otherwise difficult to explain on the traditional blackboard. The study recommends taking advantage of the virtual laboratory technology, especially in the absence of a school laboratory or lack of tools and equipment, and supports teaching by using educational presentations and elearning.

Effect of polymer modification bitumen on performance of flexible pavement in hot arid area in Libya

Hassan Awadat Salem — 2024-09-18

Premature rutting of flexible pavements is a significant problem faced by Libya, which has over 83200 km of national highways. Bituminous surfacing as a wearing course is commonly used for flexible pavements in Libya. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of polymer modification using Superpave and European mix design methods. The study includes binder characterization, PG determination, and several mechanical tests such as Water Sensitivity, Wheel Tracking, and Stiffness Modulus. The "Dry Process" SBS-modified mixture showed better results than the traditional unmodified asphalt concrete. The study shows that using more PR FLEX 20® increases the high-temperature PG value and reduces the rutting phenomenon. The study also proposes guidelines for implementing Polymer Modified Asphalt (PMA) concrete in Libya and suggests that Superpave technology can be adopted to design flexible pavement in the country.

The typical writing of discussion paragraph in scientific articles

Anwar Abbas A. Salem — 2024-09-18

Writing the part describing and discussing the results of the study is no less difficult than writing the article itself, and may even be more difficult, as in the best studies, the author may fail to convince the reviewers or evaluators if the results of this study are not explained well. And justify it with evidence. In many cases, poor discussion of the results leads to the rejection of the entire article, so this study will highlight the importance of this part and what is related to it, and try to direct the author to use the optimal methods for writing this part, as the stages or paragraphs that this part will contain will be determined, which are: In three paragraphs, which are the introductory paragraph, the middle paragraph, and the concluding paragraph, then directing the author to what he can be sure to include in this part and what he can avoid, then we conclude this study with a set of recommendations that may help the author in Writing this important part of his study.