Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Three Tertiary Health Centers in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to two chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract which is generally  believed to be rare in most African countries. The objectives of the current study were to present the experience of three tertiary gastroenterology centers in southern part of Nigeria on IBD, highlighting the age distribution of the patients seen, management and the impact on the quality of their  life in university-based community-type practices in Nigeria.
METHODS: This was a retrospective review of charts of inflammatory bowel disease seen between January 2007 and June 2010 at three teaching  hospitals in Southern Nigeria. Diagnosis of IBD was made from clinical  manifestations, colonoscopic and histopathological findings.
RESULTS: During the study period, 12 patients presented with clinical features consistent with inflammatory bowel disease. There were 8 (66.7%) males and 4 (33.3%) females and had ages ranged from 18 years to 80 years with a median of 26.5 years. Eight (66.7%) patients had ulcerative colitis while 4(33.3%) had Crohn’s disease. Ten {83.3%) patients had
severe disease with main clinical features being recurrent diarrhoea and passage of mucoid bloody stools. All the patients had treatments with sulphasalazine or mesalazine, steroids and antibiotics with good  responses. One patient died following the occurrence of toxic megacolon.
CONCLUSION: Although IBD is uncommon in Nigeria, high index of  suspicion is necessary by attending physicians managing patients with recurrent passage of mucoid bloody stools. Prompt gastroenterological referral and judicious use of colonoscopy and biopsy will assist in making the diagnosis. WAJM 2012; 31(1): 28–33.

Key words: Inflammatory bowel disease, colonoscopy, Nigeria, treatments, Sulphasalazine.