Antibacterial Potency of Combined Extracts of Mitragyna inermis (Linn) and Monotes kerstingii (Linn) on Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A and Its In vivo Toxicity against Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

The phytochemical screening, antibacterial, and toxicological effects of the extracts of Monotes kerstingii (Linn) and Mitragyna inermis (wild) were investigated. The plant extracts were prepared by the cold maceration method using water and ethanol and screened against Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A using the agar well diffusion method. The LD50 of the extract was determined using Locke’s method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, steroids, anthraquinones, resins, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids in both plant extracts. The combined ethanol and aqueous plant extracts showed activity against S. Typhi, with inhibition zones ranging from 14.00 mm to 15-24 mm, respectively. The combined extracts were also active against S. Paratyphi A, with inhibition zones ranging from 10-24 mm and 11-26 mm for ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Toxicity studies of the combined extracts revealed that the plant was well tolerated at 5000 mg/kg body weight. These results suggest that the plant may be exploited for therapeutic purposes.