Disparity of Biofilm Formation in Salmonella typhimurium on Glass and Wood Surfaces at Diverse Incubation Temperatures

Abstract

Salmonella Typhimurium is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes foodborne diseases, particularly gastroenteritis. Biofilms of S. Typhimurium can form on various food preparation surfaces, including glass, wood, plastic, metal, and other materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium on food contact surfaces (glass and wood) at different incubation intervals (24, 48, and 72 hours) and temperatures (10°C, 28°C, and 37°C). The inoculum used was 10⁸ CFU/ml of S. Typhimurium. Biofilm formation was quantified using the beads vortex method followed by agar plate count. Biofilm formation was observed on both glass and wood surfaces, with a stronger preference for glass surfaces. On glass surfaces, the highest biofilm density was 1.62 × 10⁹ CFU/ml. The most favorable incubation temperature for biofilm formation was 37°C, which supported the highest biofilm densities, while 10°C incubation temperature supported the least biofilm formation. The study also found that biofilm density increased over time across all temperatures. These results suggest that the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium is significantly influenced by incubation temperature and duration, with higher temperatures and longer intervals promoting greater biofilm development. The presence of biofilms on food contact surfaces, even at lower densities, underscores the potential risk of foodborne infections.