Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Stem Bark Extracts Of Adansonia Digitata on Some Clinical Isolates

Abstract

Adansonia digitata stem bark extract is used in the treatment of stomach upset, diarrhoea, dysentery, as an antioxidant, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory. This work aimed at determining the phytochemical constituents and the antibacterial activities of petroleum ether, ethanol, and aqueous crude extracts of the stem bark from Adansonia digitata on some clinical isolates. The dried stem barks powdered of Adansonia digitata were extracted using three solvents. The crude extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The crude extracts were further tested for their antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. MICs were determined using the micro broth dilution technique. Acute toxicity study was carried out using albino Wistar rats. The ethanol extract had the highest percentage yield of 5.14%. The result of phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, steroids, and reducing sugars. The results of antibacterial activity showed that all the isolates showed significant susceptibility, except Escherichia coli, which was resistant to all the test concentrations of the three extracts. The MIC and MBC of the different extracts ranged from 500 µg/ml to 2000 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml to 4000 µg/ml, respectively. The result of this study showed that the stem bark extract of Adansonia digitata contains bioactive constituents, which are responsible for the antibacterial activity and may have the potential for the production of drugs against some clinical isolates.