Optimization of Culture Condition in the Production of Bioenzymes by Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Waste in Sokoto State, Nigeria

Abstract

Poultry wastes obtained from a poultry farm in Sokoto metropolis were analyzed for cellulose-producing bacteria. Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus laterosporus, and Bacillus amyloliquifaciens isolated were screened for their ability to produce cellulase enzyme. All the isolates showed cellulose activity by exhibiting a wide halo on caboxymethylcellulase medium (CMC). The fermentation process was optimized using the following parameters: inoculum size, pH, substrate concentration, temperature, and incubation periods. Cellulase activity was determined using the DNS method. Banana peels were used as a substrate for the production of the enzymes; this was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Cellulase enzyme was produced at inoculum size 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%; pH 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11; substrate concentration 1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g; temperature 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75, for 1, 2, 3, 3, and 5 days respectively. Bacillus laterosporus recorded the highest cellulase activity of 0.37 mg/ml in 5% substrate concentration among all the isolates, while Bacillus amyloliquifaciens recorded the highest cellulose production at pH 3 with 45 mg/ml. Bacillus laterosporus recorded the highest activity of cellulose production with 0.71 mg/ml. Temperature was also studied in the cellulose production, and Bacillus laterosporus showed the highest activity at 75°C with an activity of 0.66 mg/ml. This study showed that Bacillus laterosporus was the best cellulase-producing bacteria among all the isolates.