Biofuels for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Review

Abstract

The unsustainable nature of fossil fuels (non-renewable) has led to the search for other alternative fuels such as biomass-derived fuels. Biofuel technology is a promising endeavor toward sustainable development in any nation, as Nigeria has a vast arable land that is good for agriculture and biomass production. Biofuels include bioethanol, biodiesel, biobutanol, and biogas, with each having different methods of production and use. The Rural Women Energy Security Project of the Federal Ministry of Environment has already empowered 10 rural women cooperatives. Among the benefits of biofuels are an increase in national income, sustainability, mitigation of greenhouse gases, proper and effective waste recycling, employment, and energy security, among others. The biomass resources, research, and knowledge needed for biofuel production are readily available, and with the appropriate entrepreneurial and political will, Nigeria will be a key player in the biofuel business. This paper reviewed the potential of biofuel production and benefits as it relates to sustainable development in Nigeria. Lack of continuity of projects after a change of leadership in the government has hindered rapid progress in many sectors, including biofuels. The government should ensure the full implementation and continuity of projects in biofuel and other green areas of development.