Survey of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease attending some hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Drug resistance, especially multidrug resistance by microorganisms, particularly bacteria, is on the increase and has been considered as a major health challenge worldwide. This study was conducted to isolate multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi associated with patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) attending three General Hospitals in Niger State. A total of 390 samples of endocervical swabs (ECS) and urine samples were collected using sterile swab sticks and sample containers from patients attending General Hospital Bida, Suleja, and Kontagora. Screening for the presence of Salmonella typhi was done using the streak method. Isolates of Salmonella typhi were identified through Gram staining and other biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates to ten (10) commonly prescribed antibiotics was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The result showed 240 (62%) of the 390 samples were positive for bacterial infections. Specifically, 50 (20.8%) of the 240 bacterial-positive samples from both ECS and urine were positive for S. typhi. The antibiogram showed that 18 (36.0%) S. typhi isolates out of the 50 S. typhi isolates expressed multidrug-resistant characteristics and were resistant to more than three (3) classes of antibiotics. The multidrug-resistant S. typhi exhibited resistance to Ofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Augmentin, Cephalexin, Perfloxacin, and Streptomycin. The results of this study confirmed the presence of multidrug-resistant S. typhi in Niger State. Hence, there is a need for public health workers to create awareness on the misuse of antibiotics to prevent and curtail treatment failure due to antibiotic resistance.