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Chronic toxicity study of Pterocarpus santalinoides leaf extract in albino rats
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the possible toxic effects associated with prolonged use of Pterocarpus santalinoides leaf extract.
Methods: Methanol leaf extract of Pterocarpus santalinoides (MEPS) was incorporated in rat feed at different doses (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) for 90 days. On days 30, 60 and 90, blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus of four rats that were randomly selected from each group (n = 14). Full blood count was done using an auto hematological analyzer, liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and kidney function parameters (serum urea and creatinine) were determined following standard methods as contained in Randox® test kits. The histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, lung and heart was also carried out.
Results: MEPS did not cause significant (p > 0.05) changes in the body weight, relative organ weights and hematological indices of treated rats when compared with control. The extract (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the AST activity of the rats on day 90. Total bilirubin concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by all doses of MEPS, while serum urea and creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Degeneration of hepatocytes and tubular epithelial cells of the kidney were observed in rats treated with MEPS at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg on days 60 and 90 of the study.
Conclusion: MEPS does not cause significant toxicity in albino rats, when administered for a short duration. However, long term therapy with the extract precipitates liver and kidney damage.
