Orbital mucormycosis in Africa: A review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management

Abstract

Orbital mucormycosis refers to group of rare, diverse and life-threatening (frequently fatal) fungal orbital infection. The cases are linked to diabetes, malnutrition, and limited healthcare access in Africa. The symptoms include periorbital oedema, proptosis, pain, and ophthalmoplegia. Atypical presentations are observed, necessitating early diagnosis vigilance. Limited access to diagnostics and antifungal medications pose hurdles to timely intervention. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgery and antifungal therapy is essential, yet resource constraints can hinder treatment. Diabetes control and healthcare infrastructure improvement are vital prevention strategies. This article aims to highlight key aspects of orbital mucormycosis in Africa. We conducted a literature search using Google Scholar, Pubmed and African Journal Online to identify published papers on orbital mucormycosis from Africa. The following search terms were used: 'mucormycosis and Africa','invasive rhinoorbital mucormycosis'. We included retrospective studies,
prospective studies, and case series predominantly. Twenty-one articles were reviewed and subdivided into epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, risk factors and treatment. Orbital mucormycosis is emerging in Africa, requiring improved diagnosis, treatment access, and preventive measures. Collaboration among healthcare professionals and policymakers is crucial to address this evolving public health issue.