Livelihoods and economic benefits of wetland utilization in the Little Ruaha sub-catchment, Mufindi district, Tanzania

Abstract

Information on the contribution of wetland agriculture production to socio - economic in the Little Ruaha sub-catchment is scanty thus constraining the wise use and sustainable utilization of the wetlands. This study was conducted in the wetlands of the Little Ruaha sub-catchment to assess  livelihoods and economic benefits of wetland utilization. The specific objectives of this study were to; (a) identify socio-economic activities  undertaken by local communities dependence in wetlands of the Little Ruaha sub-catchment (b) identify crops grown in wetlands of the Little  Ruaha sub-catchment during both wet and dry seasons, (c) assess the economic value of wetlands outputs to household income and food security, (d) determine factors that influence utilization of wetlands  resources in the Little Ruaha sub-catchment. The assessment was carried out in four villages whereby 120 respondents were selected randomly for interviews. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Tools for data analysis included gross margin  analysis, food available for consumption method, contingent valuation method and linear regression analysis. Valley bottom activities included agricultural production practiced by over 98% of the population followed by livestock keeping and other wetlands outputs. Activities not directly related to utilization of valley bottoms included petty and major businesses and government employment. Valley bottom wetlands contribute 15% to  household food security and 95% to household income that is equivalent to TZS 128 209 (US$103) and 3 234 721 (US$ 2588) per household per year. The age, farming experience, access to markets, number of  dependants and household size significantly influenced wetlands utilization. Valley bottom wetlands contribute significantly to household economy and food security. Planning for wetland friendly agricultural activities to ensure wetlands conservat ion and sustainable contribution to household economy and food security is vital.