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Nov 10, 2024Keywords:
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Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (Tanz. J. Engrg. Technol.) publications are written as a basis for academic discussions. Whereas effort is made by the Editorial Board to screen out inaccurate or misleading statements, data or opinions, Tanz. J. Engrg. Technol. wishes to make it clear that the contents of the articles are the sole responsibility of the authors. Accordingly, the Editorial Board and editors, publisher, College of Engineering and Technology and the University of Dar es Salaam accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the opinions, inaccurate or misleading data or statement and views expressed by the authors.
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Main Article Content
Investigations of Cell Tower Antennas Parameters on Reduction of Radio Frequency Radiation Levels from Radio Base Stations
Abstract
The widespread deployment of mobile cellular base stations in populated areas has raised public health concerns due to increased exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation emissions. Exposure to high levels of RF radiation can have potential thermal and non-thermal biological effects. Optimizing the configuration of cell tower antenna parameters is crucial for mitigating these radiation levels. This study therefore aims at systematically investigating the influence of different cell tower antenna parameters on reducing the RF radiation levels from mobile base stations. Field measurements were conducted at two cell sites shared by multiple mobile operators. Electric field strengths were measured at multiple locations around the cell sites. The impacts of various antenna parameters were analysed, including the deployment of GSM spectrum within LTE services, number of carrier frequencies, antenna down-tilt, and transmission power. The analysis revealed that deploying the GSM spectrum within LTE services can reduce the overall radiation levels. Additionally, decreasing the number of carrier frequencies, increasing antenna down-tilt, and lowering transmission power were found to contribute to significant reductions in measured radiation levels. However, optimizing these antenna parameters to mitigate radiation can also degrade key mobile network performance indicators, such as coverage and capacity. These findings provide valuable insights into effective strategies for balancing the need to minimize RF radiation exposure from mobile base stations while maintaining acceptable mobile network service quality. Careful optimization of cell tower antenna configurations is essential to address public health concerns without compromising network performance.
