Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology receives three types of manuscripts: Research articles, Review articles, Conceptual articles, and Technical notes.

Research paper: This should be based on original work, with results confirmed through clearly described research problems, methods, and materials. The methods and experimental procedures used must be clearly described to allow replication. The sites must be clearly described, and the conditions of the experiments must be clearly detailed. The full research paper should be able to describe and interpret the work clearly, but should not exceed 25 pages in length, A4 size, Times New Roman font 12 points, and with single spacing.

Technical paper/notes: Describes and evaluates technical products, processes, or services. A technical note is a short article describing a procedure, technique or specific development. It may describe a new device, method, or modification of an existing procedure, technique, or code of practice. Technical notes should be 7 to 10 pages long, A4 size, single spacing, and Times New Roman font 12 points, single spacing.

Review articles/Conceptual articles: This category should only be used if the paper's main purpose is to annotate and/or critique the literature in a specific scientific and/or engineering-related field. The contributor is expected to evaluate how each study was conducted and focus on the study design and analysis to compare studies and discuss their implications. Review papers should be concise and not exceed 25 manuscript pages in length, A4 size, Times New Roman font 12 points, and single spacing.

Authorship

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology Editors Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly manuscript recommend that authorship be based on the following four criteria:

• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;
  • Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
  • Final approval of the version to be published; and
  • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors.

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology include only one corresponding author per article. Any further contribution details (eg, equal contribution) must be included in the contributors or acknowledgement sections at the end of the article.

Contributorship

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology lists authors' names at the beginning of the paper.

Alteration to authorship or contributorship

Any change in authors and/or contributors after initial submission must be approved by all authors. This applies to additions, deletions, change of order to the authors, or contributions being attributed differently. Any alterations must be explained to the editor. The editor may contact any of the authors and/or contributors to ascertain whether they have agreed to any alteration.

Group authorship

If there is a very large number of authors, we may ask for confirmation that everyone listed met the criteria for authorship.

1. Manuscript submission

Manuscripts must be uploaded online at this link. All accepted and published manuscripts become the publisher's property (College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam).

2. Preparation of a Research Article

2.1 Manuscript

 Format: All manuscripts must be typed using Microsoft Word, Times New Roman font 12 points, single-spaced with margins of 3 cm all around or use the Journal’s template.

Article length/word count: Research paper (5000 to 10000 words), Review articles/Conceptual articles (8000 to 10000 words), Technical paper/notes (2000 to 4900 words),).

Article title: A concisely worded title should be provided (maximum 20 words).

Author details: Add names of authors who have contributed significantly to the paper.

The author’s email address is preferred to be institutional (if available). Author names will be reproduced exactly, so any middle names and/or initials they want to be featured must be included. The author affiliation should be where they were based when the research for the study or research was performed. You should never include people who have not contributed to the paper or who don’t want to be associated with the research. If so, acknowledge them at the end of the paper, but before the reference list.

The next page of the paper should start with the title, followed by the Abstract.

 Abstract: An abstract should provide a brief summary of the research problem, methods, and materials used, major findings, and conclusions drawn from the work. The abstract should be concise and should be between 150 and 300 words. References should not be cited in the Abstract. The abstract is not necessary for technical notes.

Keywords: The submission should include up to 3 to 5 appropriate and short keywords that capture the principal topics of the paper.

Headings: Headings must be concise, clearly indicating the required hierarchy. The preferred format is for first-level headings to be in bold and subsequent sub-headings to be in medium italics.

Introduction: The introduction should explain the purpose of the study, cite relevant work and describe the objectives.

Body: The body presents the detail of the study. It may be broken down into several sections, which should be identified with descriptive headings that are not numbered. Appropriate figures and tables may be used to support the discussion. Example of headings is Theory, Experimental Work, Result, and Discussion.

Conclusion and recommendation: The conclusion should be brief, pointing out the significance of the work, its limitation and advantages, the application of the result, and recommendations.

Acknowledgment: Acknowledge any support to the work for no more than 100 words.

Nomenclature: This should list all the symbols used alphabetically, giving definitions and units in the metric system. Greek letters, subscripts, and superscripts should be included.

References:

All references in your manuscript must be formatted using one of the recognised American Psychological Association (APA) styles.

Use the surname of the author and year of publication Mashaka (2006) or (Mashaka, 2006). Different references cited together should be in date order, for example: (Mulungu, 2017; Mwinyiwiwa and Shayo, 2015; Sechambo, 2005). The abbreviation “et al.”, should be used in the text when there are more than two co-authors of cited papers, for example Khumalo et al. (2018) or (Khumalo et al., 2018) system. Reference listing at the end of the manuscript should be in alphabetical order and in the following format.

Journal articles: Kisamo J.D. and Kitumbi E.A. (1998). Thin layer Drying of Dried Cassava Roots, Uhandisi Journal, 22(1): 13-25.

Kayima J.K., Mayo A.W. and Nobert J.K. (2018). Hydrology and Hydraulics of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda, Tanz. J. Engrg. Technol.,  37(1): 1-18.

 Book: Fletcher C.J. (1991). Computation Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, 3rd ed., 1: 20-120, Springer- Verlang, New York.

Conference proceedings: Kandlikar S.G. (1997). Boiling Heat Transfer with Binary Mixtures, Proc. 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference Baltmore, 342: 19- 26.

The address should be given if a reference has been obtained from the Internet. For example:

Els Z. (2011). Data Availability and Requirements for Flood Hazard Mapping in South Africa, Stellenbosch University. Available online at http://scholar.sun.ac.za. Retrieved on 9th June 2018.

All names of authors must be shown in the reference list regardless of the number of authors that have contributed to the articles.

2.2 Figures

All figures carry consecutive Arabic numbers, with descriptive captions, and must be referred to in the text. Keep figures separate from the text, but indicate an approximate position for each in the margin. Authors who present any Figure(s) in their manuscript(s) that are not originally theirs; must credit the original source(s) or author(s). Both colour and black and white files are accepted.

Preparation: Figures submitted must be of high quality for direct reproduction. Line drawings should be prepared in black ink on white paper, with a legend included. Alternatively, good sharp photo prints are acceptable. Photographs intended for halftone reproduction must be good glossy original prints of maximum contrast. Clearly label each figure with the author's name and figure number. Figure titles must be placed at the bottom of the Figure in bold. For example, Figure 1: Dar es Salaam City Urbanization trend, 1975-2002 (Source: Abebe, 2011).

Size: the preferred width of submitted line drawings is 18 to 20 cm with capital lettering 4 mm high to accommodate reduction to single-column width.

 2.3 Equations and Formulate

Use MS Editable equation.

Mathematical: All symbols in the equation must be clear. Identify unconventional or ambiguous symbols in the margin when they first appear. Underline vectors with a wavy line.

Chemical: Supply reproducible artwork for the chemical equation. Long reaction sequences should be treated like figures.

 2.4 Tables

Tables should be typed and submitted within the manuscript.

Number tables consecutively with Roman numerals, and give each a clear, descriptive caption at the top. Authors that present Table(s) in their manuscript(s) that are not originally theirs; must credit the original source(s) or author(s).

Table 1: Sample table, topical values of beta coefficients

Beta	Value at 200 K	Value at 300 K	Value at 600 K
1	0.3	0.6	0.5
2	0.4	0.8	0.8

 2.5 Footnotes

A footnote may include the designation of the corresponding author of the paper, and current address information for an author (if different from that shown in the affiliation. The following symbols should indicate footnotes in the text: (*, +, ++, $, //, #). Type footnotes to a table directly beneath the table.

3. Format for a Review Paper

The structure of the Review article is similar to that of the Research paper, but the structure of the body (subtopics being addressed) is different. While the Research article contains Methodology (Experimental Work), Results, and Discussion, the structure of the Review article may vary based on the review questions being addressed. For example, suppose the review paper evaluates four different techniques used to reduce pathogens in wastewater. In that case, the body of the article may be divided into four sections, each discussing one of the methods. In these sections, the research methods are described, the results are compared, and the implications of using each technique are discussed. The conclusions should briefly restate the rationale and objectives for your review and then discuss the conclusions drawn from the review. The authors should also discuss the implications of their review findings and propose recommendations for future research on the addressed topic.

3. Format for a Technical Note

The format of a Technical note is similar to a Research article but must be short in length, not exceeding 10 pages in length, A4 size, single spacing, and in Times New Roman font 12 points including Figures and Tables.

Author's Agreement