Influence of occupational cement exposure on inflammatory markers, hepatorenal function indices and oxidative stress markers among male cement handlers in Ilorin-Metropolis Impact of cement dust exposure

Abstract

Introduction: Cement dust is considered one of the most dangerous occupational hazards worldwide. Studies link cement dust exposure to respiratory disorders and cancer, but there is limited literature on its effect on inflammatory markers, hepato-renal function indices, and oxidative stress markers. This study examines how occupational exposure to cement dust affects different biochemical parameters in cement handlers in Ilorin Metropolis, an urban region in North-Central Nigeria.

Methodology: A total of one hundred and twenty (120) cement handlers and sixty (60) unexposed individuals aged 25 - 60 were recruited for the study after obtaining written consent. 10 ml of fasting blood was collected and dispensed into the appropriate sample bottle. Serum levels of creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured spectrophotometrically, using commercially prepared reagents. C-reactive protein and cystatin-C levels were determined using ELISA methods. The modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula was utilized to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

 Results: When compared with controls, the cement handlers’ sera exhibited elevated levels of Creatinine, Urea, Cystatin C, MDA, AST, ALT and C-reactive protein. Conversely, levels of albumin, total protein, and eGFR were decreased in cement handlers compared to controls.

Conclusion: This study suggests that cement handlers are more susceptible to impaired kidney and liver function due to cement dust exposure. Although the exact mechanism remains unclear, increased oxidative damage and inflammation play significant roles in the observed physiological derangement.