Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Aframomum alboviolaceum's Impact on Male Wistar Rat Testis

Abstract

Background: Male reproductive health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being, with increasing concerns about fertility in recent years. Various factors, including diet, genetics, environmental toxins, and lifestyle changes can impact male fertility. The search for natural compounds with potentially positive effects on male reproductive function has led to exploring traditional medicine and plant extracts. This research aimed to investigate the potential impact of Aframomum alboviolaceum on male fertility, focusing on its effects on testicular tissues.

Methodology: We employed a randomized controlled design involving 20 male Wistar rats divided into control, clomiphene, low-dose A. alboviolaceum, and high-dose A. alboviolaceum groups. A. alboviolaceum extract was prepared from freshly harvested leaves, and doses were administered based on body weight. The rats received treatments for 30 days, and assessments were conducted through immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses.

Results: Our findings indicate that A. alboviolaceum did not induce a significant reduction in Glutathione (GSH) levels, aligning with its potential positive impact on antioxidant enzymes including Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and Catalase (CAT). Immunohistochemical evaluations revealed the presence of essential cell types in the testes, essential for continuous spermatozoa production. Observed immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 protein in the treated groups suggests a non-contributory role in cell death in the testes as high-dose administration showed a significant presence of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatids, and spermatogonia. A. alboviolaceum demonstrates potential positive effects on male Wistar rat testicular activities, with protective impacts on GSH, GPX, and CAT levels. 

Conclusion: With these results, A. alboviolaceum shows a potential to influence fertility parameters as it does not have a negative effect on the testicular activities of male Wistar rats.