Length of stay of pneumonia patients associated with comorbid and complications factors in referral National Infectious Diseases Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: The length of stay for hospitalized pneumonia patients is influenced by various factors. The study aims to describe the relationship between factors that can cause prolonged hospital stays, complications such as metabolic disorders and electrolyte imbalance and comorbidities.

Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, using total sampling with purposive sampling methods to meet the inclusion criteria. The data was taken from the medical record of adult hospitalized pneumonia patients from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 in the Referral Infectious Diseases Hospital Prof. Dr Sulianti Saroso Jakarta.

Results: There were 316 hospitalized pneumonia patients enrolled in the study, most patients were 56-65 years old (29.4%). There 228 of 316 (72.2%) had comorbid and 118 of 316 (37.3%) had a complication. The most common complication was metabolic disorders of plasma proteins (31%) and electrolyte imbalance (46%). Meanwhile, patients who had comorbid complications were 95 of 316 (30.1%). The number of patients treated ≤ 10 days, with comorbid 178 of 228 patients (78.1%) and without comorbidities 82 of 88 patients (93.2%) (p-value = 0.003). There were 175 out of 198 patients (88.4%) patients without complications and treated ≤ 10 days. While pneumonia patients with complications, 85 of 118 patients (72.0%) were treated for 10 days (p-value = 0,000). 65 of 95 (68.4%) patients with both comorbid and complications, were treated for ≤ 10 days. Whereas patients with one comorbidity or complications or none, 195 of 221 (88.2%) patients were treated ≤ 10 days (p-value = 000).

Conclusion: The most common comorbid found in this study was hypertension (15.3%). The most common complication found was metabolic disorders such as electrolyte imbalance (46%). The length of stay for patients without comorbid and or complications was ≤ 10 days or less.