The imperative of conservation of aquatic genetic resources in Nigeria

Abstract

The conservation and sustainable use of aquatic genetic resources are critical to maintaining biodiversity, ensuring food security, and supporting the resilience of fish populations in the face of environmental changes. This review explores the significance of genetic diversity in fish populations, highlighting the consequences of its loss due to human activities, habitat degradation, and climate change. The use of molecular genetics and genetic markers is discussed as a vital tool for monitoring genetic variation and informing conservation strategies. Furthermore, advancements in genetic improvement technologies such as selective breeding, hybridization, and genetic engineering are examined for their role in enhancing aquaculture productivity and ensuring the sustainability of cultured fish species. Despite the successes, several limitations hinder the widespread adoption of genetic improvement programs, particularly in developing regions like Nigeria. These challenges include inadequate technical skills, research infrastructure, and financial resources. The review emphasizes the need for increased investment in research, capacity development, and collaborative efforts to safeguard aquatic genetic diversity and promote sustainable aquaculture practices globally.