Science World Journal

Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl, in used electrical transformer oil, condensate, thermal power effluent soil and dump sites

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Thermal power stations are the largest fossil-fuel-based powergenerating station in the country. Hydro and thermal generation combines natural gas as a fossil fuel to generate electricity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), were determined in the used electrical transformer oil, condensate and power station effluent, including the soil obtained from the condensate and electrical transformer dump site. The results revealed that PAHs had 1.119, 6.483, 0.350, 4.695, 3.314 and 0.732 (mg/ g/L), respectively. PCBs 0.052, 0.431, 1.576, 0.013 0.080 and 0.556(µ/g/L), respectively, in all the analysed samples. The power station effluent had the highest concentration of PCBs with few congeners not detected. The result suggests a risk for the community that uses river water which receives effluent from the thermal station for various domestic applications and the contamination of farm lands for various agricultural purposes.

Soil pollution effects on the germination, growth, root growth and biomass of Emilia praetermisa (MilneRedh) Asteraceaewith cow dung enrichment

N.H. Ifediora, C.O. Onyebuchi, E.N. Otenyi — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was soil pollution effects on the germination, growth, root growth and biomass of Emilia praetermisa with cow dung enrichment. Crude oil was varied in 1 %, 3 % and 5 % to the soil while the cow dung levels were constant to amount of soil needed. By 12 weeks, the plants were harvested. Initial heavy metal properties of soil, cow dung and crude oil were analyzed for heavy metal. Growth parameters data were collected, was subjected to descriptive statistics to obtain the means and standard deviations. Analysis of variance analysis was used to compare the difference in the heavy metal properties of soil, cow dung and Crude oil, means of growth data and laboratory analysis. The result showed that the heavy metal in soil, cow dung and crude oil varied significantly (P<0.05). Higher levels of crude oil contaminated soil inhibited the growth parameter of the plant generally. Also, the heavy metal levels in the soil and plant samples was low and mercury, non-existing. Lastly, low levels of heavy metals in the soil and in the plants, tissue indicates the phytoremediation potentials of E. praetermisa.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among primary school pupils in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

J.S Ngwamah , V.O. Kayode , R. Saleh , P.A. Audu — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study was evaluated to determine the present pervasiveness of gastrointestinal intestinal parasites among school-aged children in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. The study was carried out to relate the ambiguity among the different participants to gastrointestinal infections in relation to sexes, ages and their sociodemographic status. The investigation was carried out in 10 randomly selected primary schools (5 public and 5 private). Four hundred samples (comprises of 212 male and 188 female) were collected and examined for the presence of parasites. The ages of the participants ranged from 5-14 years, were examined microscopically by using direct smear methods. Out of the 400 participants inspected 149 (37.25%) were found positive for some gastrointestinal intestinal parasites. 10 species of intestinal parasites were came in contact with. Hookworm infection recorded the highest prevalence (10.50%) followed by Fasiola hepatica (6:00%). Trichuris trichuira, recorded the least prevalence (1%). In the four different age groups, pupils of group 10-12 proved to have higher prevalence than any other group investigated. The environmental factors are also considered as the major risk factors associated with infection intensity of gastrointestinal intestinal parasitic infections. The result showed water source, occupational status, toilet system used by the participants determine their health status in relation GIPs. The result showed high prevalence in individuals using river water (62.96%) for their domestic chores than any other source. The study indicated that intestinal parasites were prevalent in the study area, and for this reason, control measures, such as chemotherapy, provision of adequate sanitary facilities, portable drinking water, improved personal hygiene and health education should be the focus of community, government and non-governmental organizations.

Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with wound of patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria-Nigeria

B. Abdullahi , F.B. Lawal — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

An infected wound affects the quality of life, and compromises the wound’s healing rate. This study was aimed at isolating bacteria from wounds and determining their antibiotics susceptibility patterns. A total of 100 wound swab samples were collected from wound patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The samples were cultured and the resulting isolates identified using biochemical tests. The identified bacteria were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using agar disc diffusion method. Out of the 100 wound samples collected, 43 were infected with bacteria; given rise to overall prevalence of 43% bacterial wound infection. Out of the 43 isolated bacteria, 58.1% were Staphylococcus aureus, 18.6% were Klebsiella spp while 23.3% were identified to be Pseudomonas spp. Prevalence of bacterial wound infection was higher in female patients (47.3%) than their male counterpart (37.8%). Age group 21-40 years had the highest prevalence of the infections (48.3%) and the least was observed among 10-20 years (33.3%). None of the risk factors is significantly associated with the infection (p>0.05). All the isolates were 100% susceptible to ofloxacin. All the isolates showed 100% resistance to penicillin. All the Pseudomonas species were 100% MDR. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently encountered bacteria and ofloxacin was the first drug of choice in the treatment of wound infections.

Effect of dumpsite waste on soil, drinking water sources, and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates, in a sub-urban community, Benin City, Nigeria

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Poor management of dumpsite waste in semi-urban communities could impact the soil and underground source of drinking water, thereby posing a health risk to residents. In this study, the effect of dumpsite waste, Evbotubu Quarters, Benin City, on the physicochemical properties, heavy metals, and minerals content of soil, well water and borehole water, antibiotic susceptibility of isolates from the samples were determined. The frequency of occurrence of organisms isolated include Bacillus cereus (22.4%), Escherichia coli (12.2%), Enterococcus spp. (12.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.2 %), Streptococcus spp. (8.2 %), Corynebacterium spp. (8.2 %), Aspergillus spp. (8.2 %), Fusarium spp. (6.2 %), and Mucor spp. (4 %). Although, the Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Mn, and Fe content of the dumpsite soil were higher than other samples, there are some exceptions with regards to the physicochemical parameters. The borehole water had the lowest values for all the parameters, except pH (6.87±0.03). The results reported were within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, with few exceptions. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic. Going by the level of contamination, relevant government agencies should strictly monitor waste disposal, ensure that boreholes, and wells are situated very far from dumpsites.

Phytocompound screening, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus extract against onychomycosis pathogens in Benue State, Nigeria

Ngodoo Magdalene Tyona , Nomsu Musa — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Onychomycosis, a prevalent fungal nail infection, poses a substantial public health challenge, particularly in tropical regions such as Nigeria. This study investigates the phytocompounds, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus extracts, as a source of novel antifungal compounds for onychomycosis treatment. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique was employed for the phytocompounds screening, while minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined using standard method. The results revealed that a total of twenty-four (24) compounds were detected out of which 7 compounds were assessed from the essential oil, extracts of methanol had five (5), ethyl-acetate (8), and hexane (4) compounds respectively. Compound with the highest percentage height was Dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propane (6.48%). Hexane had higher MIC ranging from 0.232 µg/ml. whereas diacetate had MIC range of 0.03-2 µg/ml, however essential oil (EO) showed the lowest MIC range of 0.03 -1 µg/ml as compared to all other extracts and the control (Terbinafine) showing a MIC of 0.03-4 µg/ml. The antifungal potential of Cymbopogon citratus extracts, particularly essential oil, was demonstrated against various fungal isolates. Essential oil consistently exhibited the lowest MIC and MFC values, indicating potent antifungal properties. The study added valuable information to the growing body of evidence supporting the antimicrobial efficacy of C. citratus extracts.

Microbiological examination of ready-to-eat cow hide (Ponmo) sold by street vendors in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Tyona Ngodoo Magdalene, Ojowu Sally Ogbene, Akpa Joy Etele — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cow hide, commonly known as ponmo, is an edible product derived from the skins of large animals such as cattle, camels, and buffaloes. Ponmo is a popular delicacy in various regions of Nigeria. However, the unhygienic production practices of ready-toeat ponmo often lead to contamination and spoilage by microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat cow hide (ponmo) sold by roadside vendors in Makurdi metropolis. Ten samples of ready-to-eat ponmo were collected from roadside vendors in five different markets: Wadata Market, Wurukum Market, North Bank Market, High-Level Market, and Modern Market. The samples were washed in distilled water, serially diluted and inoculated onto different media (Nutrient Agar and MacConkey Agar) using the pour plate method, followed by incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial isolates were identified based on cultural, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics, revealing the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp, and Proteus spp. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacteria (46.67%), followed by Escherichia coli (35.56%). Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference (P ˃ 0.05) in bacterial load among the samples, with total bacterial counts ranging from 2.50 x 10^5 to 2.75 x 10^5 CFU/g. The presence of these bacteria, some of which can cause food borne illnesses, highlights the public health risks associated with consuming ready-to-eat ponmo. This study underscores the need for enhanced monitoring of ready-to-eat products and increased public health education for both vendors and consumers.

Determination of adsorption of blue dye using sugarcane bagasse in an aqeous solution

Manasseh Tachia Bwankwot, Nafisa Lawal, Emmanuel Kambai Duniya — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research provides valuable insights into using raw sugarcane bagasse (SB) as an adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater. Various activation and modification methods for SB were explored, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments, as well as composite formation and grafting. The study examined the effects of different optimization conditions on the adsorption process, such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, and contact time. Key findings include an equilibrium contact time of 30 minutes for methylene blue dye, resulting in an 86% removal rate. The optimal pH for dye removal was identified as pH 6, achieving an 84% removal rate. The study also found that the optimum dye concentration for removal was 10 ppm, with a 70% removal rate, and the optimal adsorbent dosage was 0.4g, resulting in an 81% removal rate. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of raw sugarcane bagasse in adsorbing methylene blue dye under specific conditions, highlighting its potential as a low-cost and efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Evaluating the socioeconomic and health impacts of the 2020 flood in Goronyo Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Nasiru Lawal, Aliyu Abubakar Shehu — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The 2020 flood had a devastating impact on most villages in Goronyo Local Government, particularly those situated in the Fadama areas. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to obtain cross-sectional information on the impacts of the 2020 flood incident in Goronyo Local Government. Data were collected from respondents through structured questionnaires, which were subsequently sorted and coded into SPSS version 22 for descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the majority of respondents were male, with 32.4% falling within the age range of 31-40 years. Approximately 41.0% of the respondents identified as farmers. The findings also revealed that rice was the primary crop lost during the flood, and houses were the most affected building infrastructure, accounting for 43.8% of the losses. Moreover, 41% of respondents attributed the flooding to the overflow of the river due to intense rainfall and the narrowness of the river. Additionally, 32.8% of respondents believed that the flood resulted from heavy rainfall that exceeded the river's carrying capacity, leading to pressure and subsequent flooding of the affected villages. The flood was also accompanied by outbreaks of waterborne diseases, including cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea in some villages. These findings highlight the critical need for improved flood management and preparedness strategies to mitigate the adverse socioeconomic and health impacts of future flood events in Goronyo Local Government.

Agricultural raw materials, information and communications technology and service exports on economic growth in twenty Sub-Saharan countries: A panel vector error correction model approach

Akobundu Nkem Juliet, M.O. Adenomon, Maijama'a Bilkisu, Nweze Obin — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The economies of Sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing significant growth due to increasing populations, rising incomes, and urbanization. However, these factors also bring challenges to trade stability. This study analyses the impact and causality of agricultural raw materials, information and communications technology, and service exports on economic growth in twenty selected countries in the region. The research utilised the Panel Vector Error Correction Model approach and the Canning and Pedroni causality test. The analysis focused on stationarity, longrun and short-term dynamics, and the impact of export variables on economic growth. The results of panel unit root and cointegration tests revealed that all variables are non-stationary at level but became stationary after the first differencing, indicating a long-run relationship. The study conclude and recommend that governments in the region develop and promote efficient policies and institutional frameworks to facilitate technological transformation, which could drive non-oil exports, fuel economic growth, and enhance expertise within Sub-Saharan African economies for greater efficiency.

Solvent assisted mechanochemical synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr²⁺ , and Cu²⁺ Metal complexes of some ligands derived from l-histidine and l-alanine

Asiya Usman Musa, Nura Suleiman Gwaram, Muhammad Saleh Salga, Abubakar Sani — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mechanochemistry enables rapid, quantitative reactions to occur at or close to 27℃. It is a one-step process that allows for reactant homogenization, product nucleation, and particle growth. These processes use little or no solvent, making them less wasteful and more environmentally friendly than solvent-based reactions. Ni²⁺ , Mn²⁺, Cr²⁺and Cu2+ metal ions were synthesized by grinding in an agate mortar with pestle using ligands derived from amino acids (Histidine &Alanine) which were further synthesized to form complexes. The entire experiment was carried out by solvent solvent-assisted mechanochemical process and ethanol was used as liquid liquid-assisted solvent. The complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, U-V spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, melting point, solubility test, and conductivity measurement. The Solubility test showed that the complexes are soluble in DMSO, DMF, and ethanol and are insoluble in both hexane and tetrachloromethane. The molar conductivity values are in the range of (6.05-28.56) Ω-1cm2mol^-1 ) indicating the complexes behave as non-electrolytes. IR analysis showed a vibrational frequency band observed at (1620-1625) cm^-1 which is assigned to the ʋ(C=N) of the azomethine, also the new bands M=N, M=O indicate the coordination reaction between the metal and the ligands. The UV visible analysis shows various transitions, the metal complexes showed adsorption bands at λ of 420 and 575nm respectively because of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The XRD analysis showed that there was a change in phase between the starting material and the product which indicate that a reaction occurred, also the nature of the spectra showed that the compounds are all crystalline. The Antimicrobial activity showed that both the complexes and the ligands have good activity against the bacterial isolates. Antioxidant activity was also tested and the compound appeared to have moderate scavenging activities compared to the reference used. The values indicated that the activities are more pronounced when coordinated with metal ions.

Socioeconomic factors responsible for heart disease among obese-hypertensive adults

Zainol Mustafa, K.C. Bhuyan, Amina A. Belal — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

For this analysis data were collected from 995 Bangladeshi adults of ages 18 years and above. Data were recorded by some medical staffs working in diabetic centres, when the respondents were visiting the centres, located in urban and semi-urban areas. There were 50.1% males; 30.2% obese; 5.9% hypertensive adults; and 3.2% were obese and hypertensive. Among obese-hypertensive adults 50.0% were patients of heart. The overall percentage of patients of heart including obesity and hypertension was 1.6%. The prevalence of these three diseases were noted in 3.6% elderly people; in 4.0% adults of higher economic condition; in 3.6% smokers, in 2.9% adults involved in sedentary activity and in 8.5% diabetic patients suffering for 15 years and above. The last three variables had significant impacts on simultaneous prevalence of three non-communicable diseases. Elderly people and people of higher economic condition had more than 200% risk of prevalence. The prevalence risk was 6.07 times in smoker adults; 5.42 times in adults involved in sedentary activity and 7.81 times among diabetic patients suffering 80 for 15 years and more. Discriminant analysis showed that body mass index, diabetes duration, smoking habit, sedentary activity, and age were important in discriminating patients from others.

Effect of intra-row spacing on the yield components and yield of soybean in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria

I.A. Sodangi — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A field trial was carried out during the wet season of 2023 at the Research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kafanchan campus to study the effect of intra-row spacing on the yield components and yield of soybean in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The treatment consisted of ten (10) intra-row spacings (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100cm) laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The inter-row spacing was 50cm. Each plot consisted of three 400cm-long ridges, with an alley of 100cm between plots and 100cm between replications. The results indicated that intra-row spacing significantly affected the height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of soybean. The 10cm intra-row spacing had significantly higher grain yield than the other treatments, except the 40cm intra-row spacing. The 10cm intra-row spacing was recommended for farmers in the study area as it has the likely advantage of suppressing weeds and leaving more land available for cultivation.

Geospatial analysis of land use changes and wetland dynamics in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria

Muhammad Lawal Abubakar, Auwal Farouk Abdussalam — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Wetlands are among the world's most valuable ecosystems, and changes in land use have an impact on their distribution, health, quality, functions, and provision of services. This study assessed how land use change and socioeconomic activities drove wetland conversion in Kaduna Metropolis from 1986--2023. Landsat images (189/053) and SRTM DEMs were obtained from the USGS. The index-based classification was used to identify and map the wetlands in the study area and was also used for land use/land cover analysis classification via eCognition 9.0. A land change modeler on Idrisi Terrset was used to carry out land use/land cover change detection and transition analysis. The analysis of the results revealed an overall accuracy of 92% (0.93 Kappa) for the 1986 classification and 90% (0.88 Kappa) for the 2023 classification. The LULC analysis revealed that built-up areas and vegetation increased by 194.9 km² and 60.9 km², respectively, whereas bare land decreased by 136.5 km² . With respect to wetland dynamics, marshlands lost a total of 15 km² , riparian vegetation lost 28.6 km², and water bodies declined by 2.6 km². The study concluded that settlement expansion and agricultural activities are the primary drivers of wetland changes in Kaduna metropolis. The study therefore recommends the creation of buffer zones around the wetlands to prevent further encroachment.

Retrospective study of dog bite cases in Federal Medical Centre Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This retrospective study examined dog bite cases reported at the Federal Medical Centre in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria from 2011 to 2021. Over the 11-year period, 553 dog bite cases were reported, constituting 0.81% of the total consultations at the hospital. The study found that the prevalence of dog bites was highest in individuals over 21 years of age (40.5%), followed by those aged 11-20 years (30.2%) and 0-10 years (29.3%). Males reported a significantly higher number of dog bites (63.7%) compared to females (36.3%). Most of the bite injuries occurred on the lower limbs (83.5%). Seasonally, the highest number of dog bite cases were reported in December, January, and November. This could be due to increased social activities and gatherings during the holiday period, which may lead to more encounters with dogs. The findings highlight the need for targeted preventive measures and public awareness campaigns, particularly focused on high-risk groups like children and young adults. Promoting responsible pet ownership and early medical intervention for dog bite victims are also recommended to address this significant public health concern.

Exponential type estimator for estimating finite population mean with auxiliary variables under simple random sampling

M.E. Kanwai, Y. Yakubu, A. Isah, A. Usman — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, a ratio-product-cum-exponential type estimators for estimating the population mean in single phase sampling were proposed. The biases and Mean Square Errors (MSEs) of these estimators were obtained up to the first order of approximation. Theoretical and empirical comparative approach using real datasets and simulation study were investigated. The results showed that the proposed estimators were more efficient than the sample mean, ratio, product, exponential ratio and product estimator. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed estimators were investigated at different correlation levels and it was found that as the correlation increases the efficiency also changes positively. This suggests that when the auxiliary and study variables are more strongly correlated, the estimators become more efficient, reducing estimation errors and increasing precision.

A study on the efficiency of new beta polynomial kernels

S.A. Ojobor, I.U. Siloko — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Kernel density estimation is a widely used nonparametric method for estimating the probability density functions of observed data. The efficiency of the kernel method is significantly influenced by the choice of the kernel function and other statistical properties such as its roughness and variance. This study investigated the new beta polynomial family's efficiency and compared the efficiency values with the classic beta kernel family. The roughness and variance of the new core functions were determined to calculate the efficiency values. The numerical values of the efficiency of the classic beta family and the new family were determined and compared for univariate and bivariate kernel functions. The results of the study showed that the new beta family has higher efficiency values compared to the classic beta family. The higher efficiency of the proposed beta family is due to their coefficients being larger than the classic kernel functions.

Development and implementation of an integrated food commodities reservation and management system for the Kasu Majlis cooperative society using structured approach

Sa'adatu Abdulkadir, Abdulkareem Hussaini, Yusha'u I. Ango, Rahilatu Mohammed — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the development and implementation of an integrated food commodities reservation and management system for the KASU Majlis Cooperative Society. Developed using PHP and MySQL within the XAMPP environment, this web-based system addresses inefficiencies in the existing manual process, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and member satisfaction within the cooperative society. This research identifies key challenges, such as delays and inaccuracies in processing requests and inventory management. In response, an automated system has been developed to modernize these processes. The key features include user registration, reservation tracking, and inventory management. The system allows users to confirm their details, view available commodities, reserve items online, check costs, and print reservation forms with email notifications sent upon request submission. These features ensure convenience, transparency, and efficiency. The system was designed using the waterfall model because of its simplicity and ease of implementation. Comprehensive testing was conducted to validate the reliability and performance of the system. The results from the implementation show significant improvements in request-handling accuracy and operational efficiency. Feedback from users indicates increased satisfaction owing to the user-friendly interface and timely updates of the system. The successful deployment of this system demonstrates its potential to enhance operational workflow, reduce waiting times, and improve communication between members and executive officers. This study offers a practical and scalable solution to common challenges in cooperative management, providing a foundation for future advancements in automated systems for similar cooperatives or organizations.

Influence of sprouting durations on the nutritional composition of seeds of two sesame (Sesamum indicum; L.) varieties

A-R. Fuseini, N. Amaglo, P.K. Tandoh — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sesame is an important oilseed crop that provides invaluable nutrients in food products. Due to the fact that it is neglected, little is known on how sprouting days affect its nutritional quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of sprouting durations on the nutritional composition of two sesame varieties grown in Ghana. The experimental design was a 2x5 factorial design in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Factor one was sesame varieties at two levels (Grey and Brown) and factor two was sprouting durations at five levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 day). The study revealed that highest carbohydrate (30.64%), protein (35.77%) and moisture (87.79%) contents were produced by the grey variety which was sprouted for 8 durations. Moreover, the best crude fibre (25.88%) content was produced by the brown variety which was not sprouted, whiles highest fat content was produced by the grey variety which was sprouted for 2 durations. Highest calcium (2.37mg/kg), phosphorus (1.49mg/kg) and potassium (1.39mg/kg) content was produced by the grey variety which was sprouted for 8 durations whiles highest magnesium content (0.79mg/kg) was produced by the brown variety which was sprouted for 2 durations. Sprouting durations and the varieties did not significantly influence sodium content of sprouted seeds. Highest nutrients from sesame seeds can be obtained by sprouting the grey variety for 8 days.

Growth and seed yield responses of okra to different rates of kitchen waste compost application in a tropical environment

P.K. Tandoh, I.A. Idun, J. Appiah, J. Tandoh — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Okra is a valuable vegetable crop which is known to be rich in vitamins, calcium, potassium, and other minerals. However, poor soil fertility in the tropics has become a barrier for quality okra seed production. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different rates of kitchen waste compost on the growth, and seed yield of okra. The experiment was laid out by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and replicated three times. Three different rates of kitchen waste compost (270 g, 540 g and 830 g) with topsoil and topsoil only (as control) were used as the treatments. The study revealed that number of leaves, number of pods and aborted flowers did not significantly affect the compost rates. However, plants treated with kitchen waste compost at a rate of 830 g had the best performance in terms of plant height, stem girth, days to 50% flowering, number of flowers, days to physiological maturity and seed yield. Additionally, kitchen waste compost at a rate of 830 g amended topsoil had significant influence on seeds per pod, total seed weight and 1000 seed weight. A correlation analysis showed that there was a strong, positive and significant (r=0.99) relationship between number of seeds per pod and total seed yield. The study concluded that the application of 830 g of kitchen composts significantly improved vegetative, reproductive and seed yield attributes of okra.

Impact of hydro-priming durations on viability, growth and seed yield of two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties

P.K. Tandoh, I.A. Idun , P. Aculey , E. Adu, Y.N. Osam — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rice is one of the world’s main staple crops with nearly 2.5 billion people depending on it for food. However, seed germination becomes very difficult and erratic a short period of time after harvesting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hydro-priming durations on germination, growth and seed yield of two rice varieties (Jasmine 85 and Amankwatia). The experimental design was 2x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Factor one was two varieties (Amankwantia and Jasmine 85) and factor two was three hydro-priming durations (24 hours, 48 hours and no priming). The study revealed that seeds which were hydro-primed for 24 and 48 hours took shorter days to emerge. Amankwatia variety which was hydro-primed for 24 hours gave the highest germination percentage and vigour index. Highest tiller numbers at week eleven and tallest plants measured at sixth, ninth, tenth and eleventh weeks after sowing were produced by Amakwatia variety which was not hydro-primed. Highest number of leaves at six, eight and nine weeks after sowing as well as number of tillers at weeks ten were produced by Jasmine 85 variety which was hydro- primed for 48 hours. Additionally, highest number of productive panicles and the resultant seed yield were produced by Jasmine 85 variety which were hydro-primed for 48 hours. A relationship analysis showed that there was strong significant and negative correlation between number of productive panicles and unproductive panicles as well as a strong significant and positive correlation between seed yield and productive panicles. Number of productive panicles significantly affected seed yield such that 82% of variation in the seed yield was attributed to the productive panicles. The study concluded that to obtain highest viability, best growth and resultant seed yield, Jasmine 85 variety hydro-primed for 48 hours should be highly considered.

Heat transfer on MHD oscillatory flow in a vertical double-passage channel

A.B. Disu, O.A. Oyelami , I.S. Oyelakin, S.O. Salawu — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Thermal propagation of MHD oscillatory flow of optically thin fluid in a vertical double-passage with varying temperature was investigated. The thermal distribution of the fluid flow is enhanced through a perfectly thin conductive baffle, which divides the channel into two passages. The equations governing the fluid flow are formulated based on purely oscillatory flow with pressure gradient. The flow velocity and thermal equations governing the flow are analytically solved. The closed-form results gotten were analysed for the influences of Reynolds number, magnetic term, thermal convection term, Peclet number and frequency of oscillation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics with the aid of graphs. It was observed that magnetic parameter reduces the flow rate in the channel.

Web based application for breast cancer detection using support vector machine

O.S. Dada, A.N. Nathaniel , E.A. Irunokhai, M.A. Nuhu , S.A. Jiji — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Due to the life-threatening nature of breast cancer, which predominantly affects women, early detection is critical for improving patient outcomes. Traditional screening methods, such as mammography, clinical examinations, and biopsies, are widely employed in the healthcare sector. However, these approaches face challenges, particularly in the misclassification of tumors. In this study, we developed a web application utilizing a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to create a predictive model for breast cancer that accurately distinguishes between benign and malignant tumors. Feature selection was employed to identify the most informative and relevant variables in the dataset, thereby mitigating the curse of dimensionality and enhancing model performance. To ensure accessibility, the predictive model was integrated into a web application, allowing medical professionals to use the tool for informed decisionmaking. Experiments were conducted using the publicly available Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset, with results demonstrating a notable improvement in accuracy compared to similar studies.

A predictive anomaly algorithms on spatio-temporal traffic flow-enabled internet of things

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The transportation infrastructure has advanced significantly in the last few decades, yet traffic issues persist since more people are
living in metropolitan areas, necessitating the usage of various modes of transportation. Due to this, there are now more challenges with traffic control that directly affect the public, such as air pollution, traffic rule violations, and accidents. In this regard, intelligent transport systems integrate intelligent algorithms and the internet of things as an alternative for improving the traffic environment. In this study, a thorough analysis of traffic anomaly prediction involving the transition from spatiotemporal data flow is presented. It consists of a comprehensive analysis of various techniques applied for anomaly prediction on spatiotemporal data traffic. The various benchmark algorithms and models adopted to validate the performance of the proposed techniques are presented. Metrics adopted to evaluate the performance of proposed techniques are highlighted and briefly discussed. Limitations of the proposed techniques during and after the prediction phase are documented. The outcome of this study shows that Convolutional Neural Network techniques were majorly proposed and applied to predict anomalies in spatiotemporal data traffic flow, while Classification algorithms were mostly adopted as benchmarks for performance validation of the proposed techniques. It was also observed that Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was majorly adopted to evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques. Also, Computation Complexity was discovered as the most prevalent challenge bedeviling the proposed techniques, paving the way for future research directions in this field.

Development of a web-based car rental management system

John Temitope Ogbiti, William Aaron — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents the development and implementation of a comprehensive car rental management system, aimed at streamlining and enhancing the rental process for users and administrators. The system was built using robust technology tools, including PHP for server-side scripting, JavaScript for dynamic client-side interactions, and Bootstrap for responsive design. The development environment consisted of Visual Studio 2019, Microsoft SQL Server Express for database management, and IIS as the web server. The MSUnit framework was utilized to execute various test cases, covering key functionalities such as user registration, reservation management, role assignment, and administrative controls. The testing results demonstrated a 100% pass rate across all test cases, confirming the reliability and robustness of the system. The test traceability matrix linked specific requirements to corresponding test cases, providing clear documentation of the verification process. This traceability ensured comprehensive coverage of all system functionalities and facilitated easy identification of any potential issues. A user guide was developed to assist end-users in navigating the system, detailing all processes and functionalities in an easy-tounderstand format. This guide aimed to enhance user experience and ensure users could efficiently accomplish their goals using the system. In conclusion, this study showcases the successful development, implementation, and testing of a car rental management system, highlighting the effective use of modern technologies and methodologies to overcome implementation challenges and ensure a reliable and user-friendly application. The detailed documentation of the process provides valuable insights and serves as a reference for future projects in similar domains.

Advancing mathematics education in Africa: Challenges, strategies, and prospects

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study deals with an investigation into the multifaceted landscape of mathematics education in Africa, exploring its historical development, current challenges, and promising prospects. By examining the nature of mathematics and its significance in society, the study identifies key challenges hindering effective mathematics education across the continent. These challenges include inadequate resources, limited access to quality education, cultural barriers, and insufficient teacher training. Through an extensive review of the literature and analysis of existing initiatives, the study presents a range of strategies to enhance mathematics education in Africa. These strategies encompass leveraging modern technologies, fostering collaborative learning environments, promoting culturally relevant pedagogies, and investing in teacher professional development. Furthermore, the study underscores the vital importance of mathematics education in Africa, emphasizing its role in fostering critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and socio-economic development. It highlights the necessity of equipping African learners with mathematical competencies to address contemporary challenges and participate in the global knowledge economy. Drawing upon these insights, the study offers recommendations for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to strengthen mathematics education in Africa. These recommendations include increasing investment in educational infrastructure, expanding access to digital resources, promoting interdisciplinary approaches, and fostering partnerships between academia, industry, and government. This study serves as a comprehensive guide for advancing mathematics education in Africa, offering actionable insights to address challenges, harness opportunities, and cultivate a thriving mathematical culture across the continent. By prioritizing mathematics education, Africa can unlock its full potential and contribute significantly to global scientific and technological advancement.

Everyday uses of mathematics and the roles of a mathematics teacher

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the role of mathematics in everyday life and the pivotal function of mathematics teachers in fostering mathematical understanding and competence. Mathematics plays a crucial role in everyday life, enhancing decision- making, financial management, problemsolving, and critical thinking. The ubiquitous presence of mathematics in activities such as budgeting, cooking, shopping, and planning underscores its importance. Mathematics is essential for good governance, as it underpins data-driven decision-making, policy formulation, economic planning, and resource allocation. Recommendations for promoting mathematical proficiency include integrating real-world applications into the curriculum, offering professional development for teachers, and encouraging collaborative learning. Such measures can enhance mathematical literacy, contributing to personal development, societal progress, and effective governance. Mathematics, with its rich historical roots stretching back to ancient civilizations, has evolved into a broad discipline encompassing various branches such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and calculus. Each branch plays a crucial role in practical applications ranging from personal finance and cooking to navigation and health monitoring. Effective mathematics education, however, hinges on the proficiency and dedication of mathematics teachers who not only impart theoretical knowledge but also cultivate critical thinking and problem-solving skills in their students. To optimize performance in high-stakes assessments like the West African Examination Council (WAEC) Mathematics examination, it is essential to employ diverse instructional strategies, integrate technology, and provide continuous practice and assessment. It is recommended that governments should support teachers through robust remuneration, timely salary payments, and ongoing professional development to sustain motivation and high-quality instruction. Furthermore, the establishment of mathematics laboratories in schools is recommended to enhance practical learning experiences and deepen students' understanding of mathematical concepts. In the realm of governance, mathematics is indispensable for data analysis, policy formulation, and strategic planning. By addressing these areas comprehensively, we can create an educational environment that not only demystifies mathematics and reduces associated phobias but also prepares students to excel academically and apply mathematical principles effectively in their daily lives and future careers.

A hybrid machine learning-based prediction approach: The accountant behavior

E.O. Udeagha , N.D. Choji , U.O. Mbanaso , G.I.O. Aimufua — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The integration of technology in accounting roles raises questions about the adaptability and skills of accountants in utilizing these tools effectively. Understanding how accountants' behavior is influenced by technology is crucial for their professional development and the accounting industry's future. This study focused on the development of a predictive model, leveraging both Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) models. The research methodology involved the use of Pandas DataFrame to establish a robust framework for the dataset, incorporating both established and innovative features as input variables. These datasets were then utilized as the training data for the predictive model, with the primary objective of extracting valuable insights for decision-making and forecasting accountant behavior. The key findings of the study shed light on the performance of the different models employed. The Naïve Bayes model emerged as a standout performer, achieving an accuracy rate of 63% and an exceptional recall rate of 97%. This underscores its effectiveness in predicting accountant behavior, especially in identifying positive instances. On the other hand, the K-Nearest Neighbors model displayed a balanced trade-off between precision and recall, achieving an accuracy rate of 52% and an F1 score of 64%. This suggests that the model provides a reasonable compromise between accurately identifying positive cases and overall performance. Furthermore, the hybrid KNN-NB model, which amalgamates elements from both approaches, also achieved an accuracy rate of 52%. This finding indicates that the hybrid model has the potential to harness the strengths of both algorithms, offering a versatile approach to predicting accountant behavior.

On the fixed points theory of strong partial b- metric spaces

I. Issaka, B.O. Bainson, W. Obeng-Denteh, I.K. Dontwi — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The paper resorted to some fixed point results for Kannan type contraction in Strong Partial b-Metric Spaces. It is a generalization of metric space and strong b- metric spaces. As proves of unique fixed point theorems for a Kannan mapping in a complete metric spaces is presented. We provided some examples to illustrate our results and demonstrate how valid the result is, with suitable examples.

Swarm intelligent optimization algorithms for precision gene selection in microarray-based cancer classification

Inuwa Yakubu Shallangwa, Aminu Ali Ahmad, Jeremiah Isuwa — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Cancer Disease remains a global health concern, demanding exploration into its causal factors for early detection and treatment. However, cancer data often presents a high-dimensional challenge for analysis. Selecting only relevant cancer genes can significantly enhance this analysis process. Traditional gene selection techniques such as heuristic methods have been employed over the years but proved infeasible. Thus, Swarm Intelligence algorithms known for their global search capabilities were developed. Nonetheless, the performance of these Swarm Intelligence algorithms is often influenced by their methods of initialization, affecting convergence, solution quality, and overall robustness. Chaos-based initialization methods have shown promise, yet their effectiveness remains underexplored in initializing SI algorithms. This research conducted a comprehensive performance comparison of three Swarm Intelligence algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization, Salp Swarm Algorithm, and Firefly Algorithm. These algorithms were enhanced by incorporating the logistic chaotic map for initialization, specifically in the context of microarray cancer gene selection tasks. To assess the effectiveness of these enhanced algorithms, two cancer datasets were employed, namely Ovarian and Colon, and utilized two classifiers: the k-nearest neighbor and multilayer perceptron. The results of the study demonstrate that the logistic-chaos firefly algorithm paired with the k-nearest neighbor stands out as a significant performer, achieving an impressive overall accuracy rate of 93.95% while selecting 444 genes. In summary, the proposed logisticchaos firefly algorithm paired with the k-nearest neighbor approach proves itself as a worthy competitor in gene selection tasks.

The impact of CuCO₃ nano particles on the rheology of biodiesel extracted from castor oil

S.H. Gwadabe, H.U. Jamo, U.I. Ismail, F.U. Musa, A.R. Uba — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Transesterification tend to be the most adopted method of producing biodiesel, but the outcome is associated with high viscosity especially at low temperature. Viscosity is the most important rheological property of biodiesel. This paper investigates the impact of Cupper II Carbonate (CuCO₃) nanoparticles on the rheology of biodiesel extracted from castor oil. The CuCO₃ nanoparticles has been subjected to Xray fluoroscopy (XRF) in order to determine its elemental composition. The crude castor oil was purified, trans-esterified and CuCO₃ nanoparticles were dispersed in the trans-esterified oil with concentration ranging from 0.1wt% to 1.0wt% in 0.1wt% interval. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) was used to examine the functional groups of the transesterified sample. The samples were subjected to viscosity measurement using digital viscometer at a temperature range of 20^oC to 100^oC at the interval of 20^oC. The XRF characterization shows that the CuCO₃ nanoparticles used is pure due to the fact that its percentage concentration tends to be 92.11%. FTIR analysis indicate that the ester (biodiesel) was achieved at 1744.4 peak. The viscosities of the samples decrease as the temperature increases and with the increase in the amount CuCO₃ concentration. The viscosity tends to be best at the application of 0.3wt%. This shows that CuCO₃ nanoparticles can be used as biodiesel additive using castor oil as feedstock.

Urban fire disaster response delay model revisited

Sulaiman Yunus — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study revisits and updates the Response Delay Model (RDM) to address the critical issue of delays in urban fire disaster emergency responses. This model aims to streamline response times, ensuring faster and more efficient emergency interventions in urban settings. The objective is to improve the effectiveness of urban fire disaster response systems by systematically identifying, quantifying, and addressing the key delay factors that occur throughout the response process. The research identifies gaps and synthesises current knowledge on fire disaster response through a systematic review of existing literature, including empirical studies and theoretical models. The RDM is a novel model that categorises delays into pre-notification and intra-reflex sequence delays. It introduces metrics to quantify these delays and proposes strategies for mitigation, emphasizing the critical stages where interventions can reduce response delay times. The model's application is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of urban fire disaster management, ultimately reducing the resultant impact on lives, property, and economic losses. It is recommended that emergency response agencies utilize this model to pinpoint critical stages of delay, enabling targeted interventions to reduce response delay times and enhance urban fire disaster response efficiency.

An assessment of characteristics of rainfall and temperature variability in Dadinkowa Yamaltu Deba LGA OF Gombe State, Nigeria

Muhammed Yerima Bello, Bello Muhammed Bashir, Hauwa Abubakar — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to assess the rainfall and temperature pattern to suggest some resilience mechanisms, the farmers' perception of rainfall and temperature variability, and adaptation strategies. Rainfall and temperature data (1989-2018) from the Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority Hydrological Department and a structured research questionnaire were used for this study. Statistical tools commonly used to describe climates such as mean, range, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were employed. Standardized precipitation Index for the study revealed the first decade (1989-1998) had the highest number of dry years; five (5) moderately dry years, one (1) severe dry year, and one (1) extremely dry year. This was followed by the third decade (2009- 2018), with four (4) moderately dry years and one (1) severe dry year. And lastly the Second decade (1990-2018); with only three (3) moderately dry years. Whereas the third decade (2009-2018) had the highest number of wet years with four (4) slightly wet years, two (2) moderately wet years, and one (1) considerably wet year. The second decade (2009-2018) was relatively wet with three (3) slightly wet years, one moderately wet year, one (1) considerably wet, and one extremely wet year while the first decade (1989-1998) had only five 5 slightly wet years. The last two decades (1999-2008 and 2009-2018) were found to be wet while the first decade was dry. The study showed a temporal distribution of annual mean temperature in Dadin-kowa. The result revealed that the region experienced a rising and falling pattern from 1989 up to 2010. The region then started experiencing a rise from 2010 down to the end of the study period. Late onset of rains and increase in temperature have been experienced by the farmers and understood as evidence of variation in climate. The findings of both empirical data and of the questionnaire agreed that there is evidence of climate variability that can be explained in terms of rainfall and temperature variability in the area. The coping strategies employed include the use of locally made fertilizer, irrigation, and change of planting date, mixed cropping, and use of planting period techniques. Thus, awareness raising on climate variability, weather forecasting, and expanding existing irrigation infrastructure among others were recommended to help ameliorate the effects of climate change on the farmers' cropping practices.

Formulation and antioxidant characterization of nutraceutical extracts from fruits, fruit peels, seeds and vegetables commonly available in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Antioxidants are compounds in fruits, vegetables and spices capable of preventing free radical-induced chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases. The peels and seeds of fruits have found applications as sources of medicine for various ailments in traditional medicine. This study evaluated selected phytochemicals and antioxidant activities in some fruits, fruit peels, seeds, vegetables and spices. Standard methods were used to determine the phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids in the aqueous extracts of the tested samples. Antioxidant activities (DPPH and NO scavenging) were assayed by spectroscopy. All the extracts tested have varying concentrations of selected phytochemicals. The antioxidant activity of the extracts in respect to DPPH radical and nitric oxide scavenging ranged from moderate to good antioxidant activity (IC50 9 – 70 µg/mL). Tamarindus indica nutraceutical extracts exhibited a high degree of antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 9.17 µg/mL and 80.80 ± 0.28 % DPPH inhibition), and recorded high total flavonoid contents (72.79 ± 0.34mg/g QE) than all the tested extracts. Mixtures of samples used to formulate nutraceutical extracts indicated some degree of radical scavenging activities in the order: TGT > Ascorbic acid > AvoG > POG > DGT > BSG > T-refresh > P-refresh for DPPH and T-refresh > P-refresh > DGT > Ascorbic acid > POG > BSG > TGT > AvoG for NO scavenging activities in the tested extracts. Further study to optimize extraction and nutraceutical potency with respect to other physiochemical properties of nutraceutical agents is recommended.

Development and characterization of nanoparticle encapsulated with activated clay for decolorization of vegetable oil

Aisha Awwa, Zakari Ladan, Bako Myek — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis of ZnO/Kaolin nanoparticles and their application in adsorptive bleaching of palm oil. The reaction mechanism involves the dissolution of metal oxides (Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, CaO, MgO) from clay lattices using mineral acids, increasing the surface area and triggering ion exchange processes. The kaolin is beneficiated through crushing, washing, acid treatment, and drying, and then activated with ZnCl2. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized using Moringa leaf extract and zinc acetate, followed by the synthesis of ZnO/Kaolin composites using Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize parameters like kaolin ratio, calcination temperature, and time. The composites are characterized by XRD, XRF, and BET surface area analysis. The bleaching efficiency is evaluated through absorbance and iodine value, with ANOVA analysis confirming the significance of dosage, temperature, and time. The optimized conditions identified are essential for maximizing the composite’s adsorptive efficiency in palm oil bleaching.

Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) rhizo-inoculation on soil physico-chemical, bacterial community structure and root colonization of rice (Oryza sativa l. var. faro 44) grown in ferruginous ultisol conditions

Musa Saheed Ibrahim, Beckley Ikhajiagbe — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ferruginicity is a special condition when soil became rich in iron. This condition is characterized by high pH and reduced bioavailability of plant limiting nutrients. Unfortunately, this type of soil covered 30% of arable lands in Nigeria. This research aimed at using a native plant growth promoting bacteria (Bacillus cereus strain GGBSU-1, Klebsiella variicola strain AUH-KAM-9 and Proteus mirabilis strain TL14-1) with phosphate solubilizing capabilities to remediate iron toxicity and improve soil nutrients, as well as soil micro-biota colonization. Soil physico-chemical properties before rhizo-inoculation (FA), after 16 weeks of rhizoinoculation with the PGPB into the rhizoid of a growing rice seedling (FB) and after 16 weeks of natural attenuation (FC) were analyzed. Phosphate solubilizing capacity of the PGPB was investigated using a developed Pikovskaya’s growth medium. The results showed that FA is rich in iron and deficient in bioavailable phosphorus and nitrogen (200.67 mg/kg, 8.01 mg/kg and 0.20%) respectively, as against the FB soil which showed moderate iron and increased soil nutrients (51.22 mg/kg, 20.21 mg/kg and 0.33%). The presence of acidic exudates, which was indicated by a red litmus paper at the rhizosphere in FB signifies the iron chelation capacity of the PGPBs resulting in iron remediation and soil nutrient improvement. Furthermore, the significant increase in microbial population in the FB soil as against the FA and FC corresponds with the SEM results at the root epidermis. Furthermore, other nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis were observed to be active and motile in the FB. This indicated the effectiveness of PGPB with PSB capacities in iron remediation and soil nutrient enhancement.

Bacteriuria co-infection and impact of urinary schistosomiasis on daily activities of women in Yala Local Government Area, CRS, nigeria

Patience J. Ubi , Joseph U. Otu , Arit U. Omini — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Urinary schistosomiasis is one of the most important tropical diseases, which has received insufficient attention in developing countries. The burden of urinary schistosomiasis is further exacerbated by co-infection with bacterial Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). This study was aimed at assessing bacteria co-infection and the impact of urinary schistosomiasis on daily activities of women in Yala L.G.A in Cross River State, Nigeria. Macroscopy, urinalysis, and microscopy were used to examine the 650 urine samples (400 from Okpoma and 250 from Ugaga villages) collected to determine presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs. The presence of bacterial strains in urine samples positive for Schistosoma eggs was evaluated using standard microbiological protocol. Questionnaires administered to women provided information on socio-demographic data and water-contact activities. Results revealed that out of the 650 urine specimens examined in the two villages, 202 (31.08%) were infected as overall prevalence. The highest prevalence (48.53%) was found among the 11-22 years age group, and the least (12.80%) among the 59- 70 years age group. Statistical analysis at significance level (P≤ 0.05) revealed that there is a significant relationship between occupation and infection rate of schistosomiasis in the area. One hundred and sixty women (72.07%) who were infected complained of suprapubic pain and painful urination. Also, the infection prevented them from going to farm, market, carrying out their daily domestic activities (cooking, washing, fetching water), attending social functions, and performing their functions as caregivers. A total of eight (8) bacteria genera were isolated and identified from 202 urine samples positive for Schistosoma eggs. The bacterial species include Klebsiella sp. 3 (2.47%), Staphylococcus aureus 39 (32.23%), Enterococcus aerogenes 6 (4.95), Escherichia coli 32 (26,45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 (11.57), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 10 (8.26), Enterococcus faecalis 9 (6.61) and Proteus sp. 8 (6.61). Significant bacteriuria was detected in 121 (59.90%) and co-infection was detected in 65 (53.68%) of schistosomiasis cases. This investigation revealed the impact of urinary schistosomiasis on the daily activities of the women and significant bacteriuria in the study area which suggest that bacterial presence may be a potent complication in the management of urinary schistosomiasis. The integration of complementary control strategies such as disease surveillance, chemotherapy, health education, potable water supply, provision of toilet facilities and sanitation in the study area would lead to great success..

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among rural residents bordering Mairua Reservoir and its implications on fish parasites and water quality in Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria

M.A. Sadauki , A.H. Bichi , J. Umaru, A.B. Dauda , T. Auta — Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the knowledge attitude and practices, KAPs among rural residents bordering Mairua reservoir and its implications on fish parasites and water quality. Cross sectional questionnaire studies were carried out among 120 respondents inhabiting at Mairua communities between June and August 2024, using questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to select study respondents. The collected data was entered into Microsoft excel and transferred to SPSS version20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to analysed collected data. Of the total 120 survey respondents, (94.2%) of the respondents were males, while (5.8%) of the respondents were females. while more than half of the respondents were married (60.8). In term of level of education majority of the respondents having Quranic education only (31.7%) as the highest level education attained. More than half of the roles of the respondent’s in house hold revealed 64.2% respondents were father’s role in house hold. A greater proportion of the respondents 75 (62.5%) stated that the primary purpose of the Mairua reservoir is Drinking. Regarding types of manure/chemical used in the farmland, 60.0% of the respondents had used fertilizer in their farmland. 74.2% of the respondents known that fish parasites reduce fish growth, yield, aesthetic value, marketability and palatability. Almost half of the respondents (36.7%) can consume smoked/undercooked fish. Majority of the respondents 36.7% had buy fish from fish market regularly. 40.0% of the respondents had washed their clothes in/near the reservoir regularly. Almost half of the respondents (49.2%) had use chemical in their farmland regularly. These discoveries discovered knowledge, attitude and practice of the communal in the region to water quality management and fish parasites was not okay. Consequently, more development of water quality management methods will be vital.

Swarm intelligent optimization algorithms for precision gene selection in microarray-based cancer classification

Wed, 16 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Science World Journal

Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl, in used electrical transformer oil, condensate, thermal power effluent soil and dump sites

Soil pollution effects on the germination, growth, root growth and biomass of Emilia praetermisa (MilneRedh) Asteraceaewith cow dung enrichment

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among primary school pupils in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with wound of patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria-Nigeria

Effect of dumpsite waste on soil, drinking water sources, and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates, in a sub-urban community, Benin City, Nigeria

Phytocompound screening, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus extract against onychomycosis pathogens in Benue State, Nigeria

Microbiological examination of ready-to-eat cow hide (Ponmo) sold by street vendors in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Determination of adsorption of blue dye using sugarcane bagasse in an aqeous solution

Evaluating the socioeconomic and health impacts of the 2020 flood in Goronyo Local Government, Sokoto State, Nigeria

Agricultural raw materials, information and communications technology and service exports on economic growth in twenty Sub-Saharan countries: A panel vector error correction model approach

Solvent assisted mechanochemical synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr2+ , and Cu2+ Metal complexes of some ligands derived from l-histidine and l-alanine

Socioeconomic factors responsible for heart disease among obese-hypertensive adults

Effect of intra-row spacing on the yield components and yield of soybean in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Geospatial analysis of land use changes and wetland dynamics in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna, Nigeria

Retrospective study of dog bite cases in Federal Medical Centre Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Exponential type estimator for estimating finite population mean with auxiliary variables under simple random sampling

A study on the efficiency of new beta polynomial kernels

Development and implementation of an integrated food commodities reservation and management system for the Kasu Majlis cooperative society using structured approach

Influence of sprouting durations on the nutritional composition of seeds of two sesame (Sesamum indicum; L.) varieties

Growth and seed yield responses of okra to different rates of kitchen waste compost application in a tropical environment

Impact of hydro-priming durations on viability, growth and seed yield of two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties

Heat transfer on MHD oscillatory flow in a vertical double-passage channel

Web based application for breast cancer detection using support vector machine

A predictive anomaly algorithms on spatio-temporal traffic flow-enabled internet of things

Development of a web-based car rental management system

Advancing mathematics education in Africa: Challenges, strategies, and prospects

Everyday uses of mathematics and the roles of a mathematics teacher

A hybrid machine learning-based prediction approach: The accountant behavior

On the fixed points theory of strong partial b- metric spaces

Swarm intelligent optimization algorithms for precision gene selection in microarray-based cancer classification

The impact of CuCO3 nano particles on the rheology of biodiesel extracted from castor oil

Urban fire disaster response delay model revisited

An assessment of characteristics of rainfall and temperature variability in Dadinkowa Yamaltu Deba LGA OF Gombe State, Nigeria

Formulation and antioxidant characterization of nutraceutical extracts from fruits, fruit peels, seeds and vegetables commonly available in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria

Development and characterization of nanoparticle encapsulated with activated clay for decolorization of vegetable oil

Effects of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) rhizo-inoculation on soil physico-chemical, bacterial community structure and root colonization of rice (Oryza sativa l. var. faro 44) grown in ferruginous ultisol conditions

Bacteriuria co-infection and impact of urinary schistosomiasis on daily activities of women in Yala Local Government Area, CRS, nigeria

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among rural residents bordering Mairua Reservoir and its implications on fish parasites and water quality in Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria

Swarm intelligent optimization algorithms for precision gene selection in microarray-based cancer classification

Solvent assisted mechanochemical synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr²⁺ , and Cu²⁺ Metal complexes of some ligands derived from l-histidine and l-alanine

The impact of CuCO₃ nano particles on the rheology of biodiesel extracted from castor oil