Retrospective study of dog bite cases in Federal Medical Centre Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria

Abstract

This retrospective study examined dog bite cases reported at the Federal Medical Centre in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria from 2011 to 2021. Over the 11-year period, 553 dog bite cases were reported, constituting 0.81% of the total consultations at the hospital. The study found that the prevalence of dog bites was highest in individuals over 21 years of age (40.5%), followed by those aged 11-20 years (30.2%) and 0-10 years (29.3%). Males reported a significantly higher number of dog bites (63.7%) compared to females (36.3%). Most of the bite injuries occurred on the lower limbs (83.5%). Seasonally, the highest number of dog bite cases were reported in December, January, and November. This could be due to increased social activities and gatherings during the holiday period, which may lead to more encounters  with dogs. The findings highlight the need for targeted preventive measures and public awareness campaigns, particularly focused on  high-risk groups like children and young adults. Promoting responsible pet ownership and early medical intervention for dog bite victims  are also recommended to address this significant public health concern.